Beyond the manicured lawns and imported ornamentals that have become standard fare in suburban developments lies a more sustainable and rewarding approach to landscaping — the wildlife-friendly Florida garden.
In the subtropical paradise of Florida, where sunshine meets shoreline and pine flatwoods transition to cypress swamps, homeowners have a unique opportunity to transform their yards into vibrant sanctuaries for native wildlife.
As development continues to fragment natural habitats across the Sunshine State, residential gardens have become increasingly crucial corridors and refuges for butterflies, bees, birds, and other creatures that call Florida home.
By trading water-hungry turf and high-maintenance exotics for thoughtfully selected native plants, Floridians can create lush, low-maintenance landscapes that burst with color, reduce water consumption, and come alive with the flutter of wings and buzz of pollinators.
This transformation isn’t just beneficial for wildlife — it reconnects homeowners with Florida’s remarkable botanical heritage while solving common landscaping challenges. Native plants, having evolved in local conditions for thousands of years, naturally thrive in Florida’s sandy soils, humid summers, and periodic droughts without requiring chemical fertilizers or constant irrigation.
The result is a garden that demands less of your time and resources while offering more beauty and ecological value.
Why Florida Native Plants Are Essential for Wildlife
Florida’s native plants and wildlife share a complex relationship that has evolved over thousands of years. These plants aren’t just pretty additions to your landscape—they’re critical components of a functioning ecosystem that supports countless species of birds, butterflies, bees, and other wildlife. Let me show you why incorporating Florida native plants into your garden is so much more than a landscaping choice — it’s a meaningful contribution to wildlife conservation.
Florida native plants and local wildlife species evolved together, creating interdependent relationships that non-native plants simply cannot replicate. This co-evolution has created specialized connections that are fascinating to observe:
Host Plant Specificity
Many butterfly and moth species can only reproduce on specific native plants. The striking Zebra Longwing (Florida’s state butterfly) lays its eggs exclusively on native passionflower vines. Without these native plants, these beautiful creatures cannot complete their life cycle.
Nutritional Timing
Native plants produce nectar, seeds, fruits, and nuts precisely when local wildlife needs them most. This synchronization ensures that migratory birds find fuel during their journeys and that resident wildlife has food through changing seasons.
Recognition Factor
Our local birds, bees, and butterflies recognize native plants as food sources, while they may overlook exotic species entirely. Research shows that areas with native plants support 3-4 times more bird and butterfly species compared to landscapes with non-natives.
Native plants host the insect larvae that are essential for feeding baby birds—even seed-eating birds require insects to feed their young. A single clutch of chickadees needs 6,000-9,000 caterpillars to fledge successfully!
Year-Round Resources
Florida native plants provide a succession of berries, seeds, and nuts throughout the year, supporting resident birds in all seasons.
Florida’s native bees, butterflies, and other pollinators face numerous threats. Designing a wildlife-friendly Florida garden secures them an important refuge:
Specialized Relationships
Many of Florida’s 300+ native bee species have co-evolved with specific native plants, with mouthparts and behaviors adapted to particular flower shapes.
Complete Lifecycle Support
Native plants provide not just nectar, but also pollen, resin, leaves, and stems that pollinators need for various life stages.
Chemical Familiarity
Native pollinators recognize the chemical cues of native plants, helping them efficiently locate food sources.
Pesticide-Free Zones
Gardens with Florida natives typically require fewer pesticides, creating safe havens for declining pollinator populations.
Growing a wildlife-friendly Florida garden with native plants creates a cascade of environmental benefits:
Water Conservation
Florida native plants are adapted to the local rainfall patterns, requiring up to 80% less irrigation once established compared to exotic landscaping.
Climate Resilience
Native plants have adapted to Florida’s unique conditions over millennia, making them more resilient to our extreme weather events, from hurricanes to occasional freezes.
Soil Health
The deep root systems of many Florida native plants improve soil structure, prevent erosion, and filter water before it reaches our precious aquifers.
Reduced Chemical Inputs
Native plants evolved with local conditions and typically don’t require the fertilizers and pesticides that exotic plants demand, keeping harmful chemicals out of our waterways.
The beauty of incorporating Florida native plants is that even small changes make a difference:
A single native milkweed plant can support multiple monarch butterfly caterpillars
One Firebush can provide nectar for dozens of hummingbirds during migration
A few native grasses can supply nesting material for several bird families
By choosing Florida native plants, you’re not just creating a beautiful landscape—you’re restoring ecological functions that support countless forms of wildlife. Your garden becomes part of the solution to habitat loss, providing essential resources for the creatures that make Florida such a biologically rich and wonderful place to live.
Ready to transform your yard into a wildlife-friendly Florida garden? In this series of articles, “The Wildlife-Friendly Florida Garden,” we’ll guide you through selecting and incorporating the perfect Florida native plants for your specific conditions and wildlife goals.
The first step is understanding the various types of natural Florida environments, then assessing where your property fits in. This will help you choose native plants that require much less maintenence and fewer (or no) inputs once established.
Understanding Florida’s Plant Communities
One of the most fascinating aspects of gardening in Florida is the incredible diversity of natural ecosystems packed into our peninsula. As you begin planning your native garden, take time to discover which plant communities historically thrived in your area. This knowledge will guide you toward selecting plants that are perfectly adapted to your specific conditions.
When you drive through Florida’s landscapes, you’ll notice distinct transitions between different natural communities. The towering pines and palmetto understory of Pine Flatwoods dominate much of Florida’s landscape.
These sunlit communities feature an open canopy of longleaf and slash pines stretching toward the sky, while beneath them, a dense carpet of saw palmetto creates shelter for wildlife.
Gallberry holly adds seasonal berries, and wiregrass forms the historical foundation for the natural fire cycles that once swept through regularly, keeping these ecosystems healthy and diverse.
Venture into shadier areas, especially along river bluffs or ancient dune ridges, and you’ll discover the cool refuge of Hammocks — closed-canopy forests where magnificent live oaks and southern magnolias create a shaded sanctuary.
These magical spaces feel almost primeval, with red bay adding aromatic leaves to the forest floor and wild coffee shrubs producing berries beloved by birds. Here again, the adaptable saw palmetto thrives, but in a more stretched form as it reaches for filtered sunlight.
If your property features well-drained, elevated terrain, you might be living in former Sandhill habitat. These dry, rolling landscapes historically supported widely spaced longleaf pines standing like sentinels above drought-tolerant turkey oaks.
The sandy soil between trees isn’t barren but filled with specialized plants like wiregrass and the aromatic Florida rosemary, which releases its scent on warm days. These areas feel open and breezy, with plenty of sunlight reaching the ground.
In areas with even more challenging conditions, particularly ancient dune systems with brilliantly white sand, you might find yourself in Scrub habitat — Florida’s version of desert.
This harsh but beautiful environment features specialized plants like sand pine and several scrub oak species that rarely grow tall. The drought-adapted rosemary (different from culinary varieties) and scrub palmetto hug the ground, conserving every drop of moisture.
Scrub may look sparse, but it’s home to some of Florida’s rarest and most specialized plants and animals.
Where water meets land, you’ll discover Freshwater Wetlands with their incredible diversity. From marshes with emergent vegetation to the cathedral-like cypress swamps, these areas pulse with life.
Towering bald cypress trees with their distinctive “knees” create architecture unlike anywhere else, while red maples add flashes of color in spring and fall.
At water’s edge, swamp lilies, native iris, and pickerelweed offer brilliant blooms that attract pollinators and add visual drama.
Finally, along our extensive coastlines, specialized Coastal Communities have evolved to handle salt spray, storm surge, and shifting sands. On dunes, sea oats wave their golden seedheads while their extensive root systems hold sand in place.
The sprawling railroad vine sends purple morning-glory-like flowers across the sand, while inland from the immediate shoreline, graceful muhly grass creates a pink haze in fall.
In areas with more protection, buttonwood trees establish, creating the transition to mangrove systems in southern regions.
Beyond their striking beauty, live oaks serve as powerhouse wildlife supporters, hosting over 500 species of caterpillars – the essential baby food for nesting birds. By Lorie Shaull from Washington, United States – Treaty Oak, Jacksonville Florida, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
By recognizing which of these communities originally covered your property, you gain invaluable insight into which plants will thrive in your particular conditions. Take a weekend to visit nearby natural areas that preserve these ecosystems, observe how plants grow together, and notice the subtle environmental factors that shape each community.
Your garden will be more successful and authentic when you work with these natural affinities rather than against them.
Creating a garden that welcomes Florida’s incredible diversity of wildlife begins with thoughtful planning. Unlike conventional landscaping that often prioritizes appearance alone, a wildlife-friendly Florida garden works with nature’s patterns to create a functional habitat.
With Florida’s unique climate and ecosystems, your garden can become a thriving sanctuary for birds, butterflies, bees, and countless other creatures while also providing you with endless joy and discovery.
Let’s explore how to transform your outdoor space — whether it’s a spacious yard or a modest patio—into a haven for wildlife.
The foundation of any successful Florida garden lies in understanding what you’re working with. Florida’s environment varies dramatically from the oak-shaded clay soils of the Panhandle to the rocky limestone of the Keys. Your specific site conditions will determine which native plants will thrive in your wildlife-friendly Florida garden.
Assess Sunlight Exposure
Begin by mapping your garden’s sunlight patterns throughout the day. Florida’s intense sunshine can be both a blessing and a challenge — areas that receive full sun (6+ hours daily) will support different plants than those in partial shade (3-6 hours) or full shade (less than 3 hours).
Take notes during different seasons, as the sun’s path changes significantly from summer to winter, especially in North and Central Florida. Remember that “full sun” in many gardening references often assumes northern light conditions.
In Florida’s intense summer sun, many “full sun” plants actually appreciate afternoon shade.
Next, examine your soil by digging small test holes in different areas of your garden. Florida soils range widely, from the rich loamy soils of old river bottoms to pure sand with little organic matter.
Squeeze a handful of moist soil—if it holds together but crumbles when poked, you have loamy soil; if it falls apart completely, you’re working with sand; if it sticks together in a ball, clay is present.
Don’t be discouraged by challenging soil conditions—there are Florida native plants adapted to every soil type.
Drainage patterns reveal critical information about your landscape. After a typical Florida downpour, note where water pools and where it drains quickly.
Areas that remain soggy for days might be perfect for wetland species like swamp lilies or blue flag iris. Consistently dry spots call for drought-adapted natives like coontie or muhly grass.
In many Florida developments, drainage has been altered by construction, creating both excessively dry and surprisingly wet microclimates within the same yard.
Everything in Context
Consider also your broader environmental context. Coastal gardens face salt spray and potential storm surge, while inland areas might experience more extreme temperature fluctuations.
North Florida gardeners should note that cold snaps can damage tropical species, while South Florida gardeners rarely need worry about frost. However, they do have to contend with nearly year-round growing conditions that can make some plants grow too vigorously.
As you evaluate your site, remember that “challenges” often present opportunities for specialized native plant communities. That soggy corner might become a thriving rain garden, while that baked, sandy spot could showcase beautiful beach dune species.
By working with your site’s natural conditions rather than fighting them, you’ll create a more sustainable landscape that requires less intervention to maintain.
Your garden likely already attracts some wildlife, even if you haven’t noticed it. Spending time observing current visitors provides valuable clues about potential habitat improvements.
This will help you measure your garden’s increasing biodiversity as you add native plants to your wildlife-friendly Florida garden.
Set aside regular observation periods—perhaps 15 minutes in the early morning and again at dusk when wildlife activity often peaks. Sit quietly with a notebook or use your phone to record what you see.
Tracking Birds
Note which birds visit, where they perch, what they seem to eat, and any patterns in their behavior. Are cardinals searching for seeds under your shrubs? Are woodpeckers investigating your trees for insects?
These observations reveal valuable information about what’s already working in your garden.
I’ve found the Merlin App for Cornell University invaluable for identifying and logging visiting birds by song. It’s especially useful if you have poor or aging eyesight.
Butterfly Species
Look beyond birds to notice butterfly species that visit your garden and which plants attract them. In Florida, we’re fortunate to host both year-round resident butterflies and seasonal migrants like monarchs.
Different butterfly species require different host plants for their caterpillars—monarchs need milkweed, giant swallowtails lay eggs on citrus and wild lime, and gulf fritillaries seek out passionflower vines.
Identifying which butterflies already visit helps you select appropriate host plants to complete their lifecycle.
Herps, Amphibians, and Mammals, Oh My!
Don’t overlook less obvious wildlife — lizards sunning on walls, tree frogs calling after rain, bees visiting native flowers, even the tracks of nocturnal visitors like possums or raccoons.
And don’t forget the squirrels.
Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Florida. By BirdPhotos.com – BirdPhotos.com, CC BY 3.0, Link
Each creature plays a role in your garden’s ecosystem. Florida’s native lizards, for instance, consume countless pest insects, while bats (if you’re lucky enough to have them visit) can devour thousands of mosquitoes nightly.
Consider installing a simple wildlife camera if your budget allows — these inexpensive devices reveal surprising nighttime visitors you might otherwise miss. Many Florida gardeners are amazed to discover flying squirrels, foxes, or owls utilizing their space after dark.
As you identify current wildlife, research their specific needs. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology website provides detailed information about bird preferences, while the Florida Native Plant Society and Xerces Society offer resources about butterfly and pollinator requirements.
Understanding what attracts current visitors helps you strategically enhance habitat to invite even greater diversity.
Florida’s mild climate allows us to provide food for wildlife throughout the year, but thoughtful planning is necessary to ensure continuous offerings.
Unlike colder states where wildlife feeding often focuses on winter months, Florida’s wildlife needs nutrition during all seasons, particularly during nesting and migration periods.
Begin by considering the full calendar year and planning for seasonal succession of flowers, fruits, and seeds. Early-blooming natives like Walter’s viburnum and red maple provide crucial nectar for emerging bees and butterflies in late winter/early spring when few other food sources exist.
Spring
Spring migration brings waves of birds passing through Florida, many exhausted from long journeys and needing energy-rich foods. Native cherries, blueberries, and early-fruiting shrubs support these travelers.
Summer
Summer brings nesting season, when parent birds need protein-rich insects to feed their young. Native plants support substantially more insect life than non-natives—a single oak tree can host over 500 species of caterpillars, essential food for nestlings.
Summer-flowering natives like firebush, scarlet sage, and wild petunias attract pollinators while summer-fruiting beautyberry and elderberry feed fruit-eating birds.
Fall migration sees another wave of birds moving through Florida, many stopping to refuel before crossing the Gulf of Mexico. Plants with fall berries like wax myrtle, holly, and Simpson’s stopper provide critical energy for these journeys.
Winter
Even in winter, maintaining seed-producing native grasses and allowing flower heads to remain on plants feeds resident birds like cardinals and sparrows.
You can even plant native Florida vegetables for birds and small mammals, like Everglades tomatoes.
Create planting combinations that ensure something is always flowering or fruiting. For example, pair spring-blooming coral honeysuckle with summer-blooming firebush and fall-fruiting beautyberry.
Consider the different feeding guilds of wildlife: nectar-seekers (hummingbirds, butterflies), seed-eaters (cardinals, finches), fruit-eaters (mockingbirds, waxwings), and insect-eaters (warblers, wrens). A diverse garden provides for all these groups.
Remember that “messy” areas often provide the most food. Leaving seedheads on plants rather than deadheading, allowing leaf litter to accumulate under shrubs, and preserving dead wood where safe all support food webs.
A perfectly manicured garden may look neat to human eyes but offers little for wildlife to eat. Finding a balance between human aesthetics and wildlife needs often means keeping “wild” areas in less visible parts of the garden while maintaining more groomed spaces near living areas.
Water is essential for Florida wildlife, even in our humid climate. Natural rainfall may seem abundant during summer storms, but it quickly drains through sandy soils or evaporates during hot weather.
Providing reliable water sources dramatically increases your garden’s wildlife appeal and biodiversity.
Bird baths offer the simplest solution — choose shallow models with rough-textured basins that allow secure footing. Place them where birds can easily spot approaching predators, ideally near (but not directly under) shrubs or trees that provide quick escape routes.
In Florida’s climate, refresh water frequently to prevent mosquito breeding and algae growth. Adding a small solar-powered bubbler creates moving water that birds find irresistible and can be heard from a distance.
For butterfly-specific water sources, create “puddling stations” by filling shallow dishes with sand, adding a few mineral-rich rocks, and keeping them consistently moist.
Male butterflies particularly seek these mineral sources. Place puddling stations in sunny, protected locations near nectar plants.
🦋【Butterfly Puddler Garden Decoration】This uniquely designed butterfly watering station is not only a beautiful addition to the garden, but also an ideal choice for those who love nature and wildlife!
More ambitious gardeners might consider small ponds with graduated depths and native aquatic plants. Even a container water garden on a patio can support native miniature water lilies and attract dragonflies.
Whatever your water feature, ensure it includes easy exit routes for creatures that might fall in — partially submerged rocks or branches allow wet visitors to climb out safely. I’ve fished more lizards than I’d like to admit from a container pond.
Shelter proves equally important as food and water in supporting wildlife. Florida’s intense sun, heavy rains, and occasional cold snaps make protective cover essential.
Native shrubs planted in groups create ideal shelter, especially those with dense branching patterns like wax myrtle, Walter’s viburnum, and Simpson’s stopper. These multi-stemmed shrubs provide nesting sites, roosting spots during harsh weather, and protection from predators.
For ground-dwelling creatures like toads, lizards, and beneficial insects, incorporate cover at ground level. Partially buried logs, small rock piles in sunny spots, and areas of undisturbed leaf litter create microhabitats for these valuable garden allies.
In Florida’s hot climate, these cool, moist retreats prove essential during midday heat. Keep some areas of your garden unmulched and lightly scratched to provide nesting sites for ground-dwelling native bees, which pollinate many of our native plants.
Snags—standing dead trees or large branches—offer premium wildlife housing if they can be safely maintained. Over 40 species of Florida birds nest in tree cavities, and many cannot excavate their own.
Woodpeckers create holes that are later used by bluebirds, titmice, and screech owls. If complete snags aren’t practical, consider installing nesting boxes specifically designed for native cavity-nesting birds.
Remember that some of Florida’s most beneficial wildlife needs shelter year-round. Leaving ornamental grasses and perennial stems standing through winter provides hibernation sites for many butterflies and beneficial insects.
Queen butterflies, for instance, often overwinter in bunch grasses, while native bees may hibernate in hollow plant stems.
Designing for Different Wildlife Needs
A female ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) sipping nectar from scarlet beebalm (Monarda didyma) By Joe Schneid, Louisville, Kentucky – Own work, CC BY 3.0, Link
Successful wildlife gardens recognize that different creatures have distinct and sometimes conflicting requirements. Thoughtful design accommodates this diversity while creating a cohesive, attractive landscape.
Begin by envisioning your garden as a series of connected habitat zones. The classic wildlife garden includes areas for feeding, nesting, resting, and raising young, but within each of these categories lie important distinctions.
For instance, nectar-feeding hummingbirds prefer different flowers than do butterflies, while seed-eating birds require different plants than fruit-eaters.
Plan Your Wildlife-Friendly Florida Garden in Layers
Consider vertical layering in your design. A mature wildlife garden includes plants of varying heights: canopy trees, understory trees, tall shrubs, low shrubs, perennials, and groundcovers.
Each layer hosts different wildlife species — warblers might feed in upper tree canopies while towhees scratch in leaf litter below. Even in small gardens, including multiple vegetation layers maximizes habitat value.
Create distinct microhabitats within your overall design. A sunny butterfly garden might transition to a shaded woodland garden, followed by a small ephemeral wetland in a low spot.
These varied conditions support different plant communities and, consequently, different wildlife. Even contradictory needs can be accommodated through thoughtful placement — sun-loving lizards might bask on rocks adjacent to a cool, moist area hosting Florida’s native woodland wildflowers and the creatures that depend on them.
Seasonal Adaptations
Plan for seasonal changes in wildlife behavior. Many birds require open areas for courtship displays in spring but seek dense cover when molting in late summer.
Butterflies need full sun for basking during cool mornings but appreciate dappled shade during intense midday heat. Designing areas with seasonal flexibility helps wildlife adapt to changing conditions.
Consider specific adaptations for signature Florida species. Purple martins, for instance, require specially designed housing placed in open areas, while zebra longwing butterflies — our state butterfly — need passionflower vines for their caterpillars and partially shaded areas for the adults.
Learning the particular requirements of wildlife you especially wish to attract allows you to design with their needs in mind.
Incorporate “edges” where different habitat types meet—these transition zones often support the greatest biodiversity. The area where your taller shrubs meet an open wildflower garden, for example, creates edge habitat particularly attractive to birds like cardinals and towhees that prefer brushy margins.
Finally, consider connectivity between habitat elements. Wildlife needs to move safely between resources—from nesting areas to feeding grounds to water sources.
Creating corridors of vegetation rather than isolated “habitat islands” allows creatures to utilize your entire garden space while remaining protected from predators.
Creating a wildlife garden isn’t an overnight project — it’s an evolving relationship with the natural world. Begin with manageable sections rather than attempting to transform your entire landscape at once.
A thoughtfully designed butterfly garden or small grouping of bird-friendly shrubs yields more satisfaction than a larger, hastily planted area.
Consider starting near a window where you spend time daily — perhaps outside a kitchen window or beside a favorite reading spot. This allows you to enjoy wildlife visitors while learning what works in your specific conditions.
As you gain confidence and knowledge, gradually expand, connecting these habitat “nodes” into a more comprehensive wildlife landscape.
Document your garden’s evolution with photos and notes. Record when plants bloom, which wildlife visits, and how your garden changes through seasons and years.
These observations inform future plant selections and help you share knowledge with others in your community interested in wildlife gardening.
Remember that each native plant you add makes a difference, regardless of your garden’s size. Even a single passionflower vine can support multiple generations of gulf fritillary butterflies, while a small patch of milkweed might nurture dozens of monarch caterpillars.
Your wildlife garden becomes part of a larger habitat corridor connecting green spaces throughout your neighborhood and beyond.
As your garden grows, you’ll discover the profound satisfaction of participating in nature’s rhythms — watching parent birds bring caterpillars to nestlings, observing butterflies progressing from egg to chrysalis to adult, or experiencing the joy of seeing a new bird species discover your garden for the first time.
Beyond creating habitat for wildlife, you’re creating a space for human connection with the natural world — perhaps the most valuable outcome of your wildlife gardening journey.
As your garden grows, you’ll discover the profound satisfaction of participating in nature’s rhythms — watching parent birds bring caterpillars to nestlings, observing butterflies progressing from egg to chrysalis to adult, or experiencing the joy of seeing a new bird species discover your garden for the first time.
Beyond creating habitat for wildlife, you’re creating a space for human connection with the natural world — perhaps the most valuable outcome of your wildlife gardening journey.
Florida native plants are the original inhabitants of our state’s landscapes, flourishing here long before we arrived and built golf courses and housing developments. These plants evolved to thrive in Florida’s unique climate and soils, and along with our wildlife. This makes them ideally suited for local gardens.
Best of all, unlike exotic or non-native species, Florida natives require minimal intervention and minimal care.
Why Choose Florida Native Plants for Your Flower Garden?
Choosing native plants isn’t just a nod to Florida’s natural heritage — it’s a smart and sustainable gardening choice. Native plants are adapted to Florida’s often harsh conditions, meaning they need less water, fertilizer, and pesticides. This conserves resources and saves you money. Lots of money.
It also saves you lots of effort. I don’t know about you, but with our erratic weather and exhausting heat, the less physical effort I have to spend outdoors, the better. I like to save my energy for tending the vegetable garden. It’s nice to know that native flowering plants will keep my yard looking pretty without any pampering.
Even better, native plants create habitats for pollinators, birds, and other wildlife. Planting native promotes biodiversity and ensure the garden becomes a lively, thriving ecosystem.
Florida’s Diverse Ecosystems: A Garden for Every Condition
Florida’s ecosystems are as varied as its landscapes, offering gardeners endless inspiration. From the sun-drenched coasts to the shady hammocks and wetlands, there’s a native plant species for every type of growing condition.
Whether your yard is sandy, marshy, or somewhere in between, native plants are ready to meet the challenge. Understanding Florida’s ecosystems helps you select the perfect plants for your garden’s specific needs.
Why Home Gardeners Need This Guide to Florida Native Plants
Choosing the right plants for your Florida garden can feel overwhelming. When I first contemplated adding natives, I was frankly uninspired. I thought most of them looked a bit … weedy.
But since then, I realize I just didn’t have all the information. The same four or five “natives” pop up on every internet list, and many of them aren’t really suited to creating an attractive flower garden.
But now I know better, and that’s where this list comes in. You really can focus on Florida native plants while creating a garden that’s beautiful, low-maintenance, and contributes to the local environment.
Understanding Florida’s Growing Conditions
Florida’s USDA hardiness zones span from a tiny section of 8b in the cooler north to 11b in the tropical south. This offers a wide range of growing environments. These zones dictate which Florida native plants will thrive in your garden.
From frost-tolerant species in the north to heat-loving varieties in the south, knowing your zone helps you make informed plant choices.
How Temperature and Frost Affect Florida Native Plants
Temperature extremes in Florida can range from occasional winter frosts in zone 8b to balmy year-round warmth in zone 11b.
Frost dates are crucial for gardeners, especially in northern regions, where native plants must tolerate brief cold snaps. Southern Florida gardeners, on the other hand, can grow frost-sensitive natives with little care.
Adapting to Florida’s Rainfall and Humidity
Florida’s unique rainfall patterns and high humidity are central to selecting the right Florida native plants for your garden. With wet summers and drier winters, native plants have evolved to handle these fluctuations.
Choosing species that naturally tolerate these conditions ensures your garden remains lush and resilient year-round.
Microclimates: Tailoring Florida Native Plants to Your Garden
Your garden likely contains microclimates — small areas with unique growing conditions. These can include shady spots, areas with poor drainage, or wind-exposed corners.
Recognizing these variations allows you to select Florida native plants that thrive in each specific area, ensuring a thriving and visually balanced garden.
You can also create your own microclimates by using small trees or bushes for extra shelter. If you have the space, you can even create mini-wetlands or ponds for swamp-loving species.
Beautiful Florida Native Plants to Add to Your Garden
With Florida’s diverse climate and ecosystems, there’s a native plant for every type of garden. Florida native plants offer stunning options that thrive naturally in any conditions or growing zone in the state.
In this section, we’ll explore some of the most best native plants for your Florida garden. These plants not only add beauty and functionality to your landscape but also provide essential support for local wildlife and the environment.
Partridge pea is an annual leguminous plant that forms a bushy, upright habit. It has bright green, pinnately compound leaves and produces small, striking yellow flowers with red markings at the base. The flowers are 1 to 2 inches across, attracting various pollinators, including bees and butterflies.
The plant also produces slender, elongated seed pods that stay on the plant into the fall. Partridge pea is valued for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, helping to improve soil fertility, making it a popular choice for wildflower mixes and naturalized landscapes.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
In Florida, partridge pea grows best in USDA hardiness zones 8b to 10, which covers much of the state. It is especially well-suited for central and northern Florida, where it can thrive in the warmer months and handle mild winters.
Native to Florida’s upland habitats, it is commonly found in dry prairies, disturbed fields, and sandy pinelands. The plant does well in the state’s central and north-central regions, where it naturally grows in full sunlight.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
Partridge pea prefers full sun and well-drained soils that are either sandy or loamy. It is drought-tolerant once established and can adapt to various soil types, though it thrives best in moderately fertile soil.
The plant is often found in disturbed areas, such as roadsides and field edges, where it benefits from the exposure to direct sunlight and open space.
Partridge pea typically reaches 2 to 3 feet in height and spreads about 1 to 2 feet in width. Its compact, bushy growth habit makes it ideal for planting in wildflower gardens, meadows, or naturalized landscapes where it can create dense clusters of yellow flowers.
Lifespan:
As an annual, partridge pea completes its life cycle within one growing season. It germinates in the spring, blooms during the summer, and dies off after setting seeds in the fall. It relies on seed reproduction, dispersing its seeds for future generations.
Bloom Period:
In Florida, partridge pea blooms from mid-summer to early fall, typically from June to September. Its bright yellow flowers, which are adorned with red markings, bloom profusely in clusters, offering a striking visual display during the hottest months of the year.
Flower Color:
The flowers of partridge pea are a vivid yellow, often highlighted with red or orange markings at the base. This coloration makes it particularly attractive to pollinators, including bees and butterflies, helping to support the local ecosystem.
Partridge pea is highly beneficial to Florida’s local wildlife. Its flowers provide nectar for native bees, such as the Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens), and butterflies like the Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus).
The seeds produced in the pods serve as an important food source for birds, including species like quail and sparrows. This plant is especially valuable during the summer and fall when other food sources might be less available, helping to sustain various wildlife populations in Florida’s natural habitats.
2. Scarlet Paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea)
By Steve Redman (MORA) – NPGallery, Public Domain, Link
Scarlet Paintbrush is a striking perennial wildflower that can be recognized by its upright, slender stems and bright red flowers, which are surrounded by red bracts that resemble a paintbrush. The flowers themselves are tubular and clustered at the tops of the stems, with long, pointed leaves growing along the stem.
The plant is typically around 1–2 feet tall, and the leaves are lance-shaped and narrow, contributing to the plant’s delicate appearance. The brilliant red color of the flowers stands out in natural landscapes, adding a splash of color during its blooming period.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Scarlet Paintbrush thrives in Florida’s central and northern regions, primarily in USDA Hardiness Zones 8b to 9a. This species is found in areas with slightly cooler conditions than southern parts of the state and performs best in the open, sunny landscapes of these regions.
It is particularly suited for environments such as sandy or well-drained soils in upland areas, meadows, and roadsides, where it can tolerate some disturbance and drought.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
By Steve Redman (MORA) – NPGallery, Public Domain, Link
This plant is typically found in areas with well-drained, sandy soils and is adapted to regions that experience moderate rainfall. It prefers full sun but can also tolerate partial shade, though it may not bloom as vigorously in lower light conditions.
Once established, Scarlet Paintbrush is drought-tolBy Steve Redman (MORA) – NPGallery, Public Domain, Linkerant, though it requires moisture during its growing season. The plant performs well in acidic soils with good drainage, often thriving in disturbed areas or places where other plants have difficulty growing, making it a useful species in reclaiming disturbed habitats or adding color to less fertile locations.
Height / Spread:
Scarlet Paintbrush grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet and spreads about 1 to 1.5 feet. It has a compact, upright growth habit, which allows it to fit well in native plant gardens, wildflower meadows, or areas where plant diversity is desired.
Lifespan:
This species is considered a short-lived perennial, typically living 2 to 3 years. While it does not persist for decades like some other perennials, its fast growth and vibrant blooms make it a valued addition to landscapes during its lifecycle. It will often self-sow in favorable conditions, creating new plants each season.
Bloom Period:
Scarlet Paintbrush blooms from late spring into early summer, generally between May and June. The plant produces its most abundant blooms during this period, with clusters of bright red tubular flowers, drawing pollinators to the area. The bloom period is relatively short, lasting for about 4 to 6 weeks, but it provides critical nectar during the early summer months.
Flower Color:
The most notable feature of this plant is its brilliant red flowers, which are clustered at the tops of the stems. The flowers are tubular and surrounded by red bracts that mimic the appearance of a paintbrush, giving the plant its common name. This vivid color provides a striking contrast to the green foliage and surrounding plants, making it a popular choice for adding color to gardens or natural landscapes.
Wildlife Value:
By Dr. Thomas G. Barnes, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service –
Scarlet Paintbrush is an important nectar source for various pollinators. It attracts hummingbirds, particularly the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, which feed on the sweet nectar. Several species of native bees, such as bumblebees and mason bees, also visit the flowers to collect nectar and pollen.
In addition to being a valuable food source for pollinators, the plant supports various butterfly species, including the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, which feeds on its nectar. It also serves as a food source for other wildlife in natural settings, making it a beneficial addition to ecosystems where pollinators are crucial.
Spanish Needles is a fast-growing, herbaceous perennial that typically grows as a bushy, multi-stemmed plant. Some people think it’s a weed, but it’s an official Florida wildflower.
It produces long, slender leaves with serrated edges and bright yellow, daisy-like flowers with distinctive dark centers. These flowers are held above the foliage on tall, slender stems.
The plant is known for its ability to spread rapidly, often forming dense patches in suitable habitats. Its seeds are equipped with needle-like barbs that easily attach to fur, clothing, and other surfaces, aiding in seed dispersal.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Spanish Needles thrives in Florida’s warmer climates, generally performing best in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 11. It is commonly found in the central and southern regions of Florida but can be found in various habitats throughout the state, particularly in coastal and disturbed areas.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
Spanish Needles is adaptable to a wide range of soil types but prefers well-drained soils that are moderately fertile. It grows best in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, particularly in hotter regions. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant but benefits from occasional moisture during prolonged dry spells.
Spanish Needles also thrives in disturbed areas, roadsides, and field edges, often growing in areas that are subject to occasional flooding.
Height / Spread:
The plant typically reaches a height of 2 to 4 feet and spreads up to 3 feet wide. It can become bushy and sprawling if grown in favorable conditions, creating a dense ground cover.
Lifespan:
Spanish Needles is a fast-growing and prolifically reseeding annual.
Bloom Period:
Spanish Needles flowers from very early spring to early winter, with peak bloom typically occurring in late spring to early summer. Its ability to flower for much of the year makes it an important nectar source for various pollinators.
Flower Color:
The flowers are bright yellow with a prominent dark center, giving them a striking appearance. The petals are thin and ray-like, surrounding a central disc that attracts a variety of pollinators.
Wildlife Value:
Spanish Needles is highly attractive to a wide range of wildlife. Its abundant yellow flowers are a key nectar source for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, including species such as the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the common buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia), and various native bee species.
The plant’s seeds are eaten by birds, especially during the fall and winter months. It also provides habitat for small insects, making it an important plant for supporting biodiversity.
Beach Sunflower is a low-growing, sprawling perennial that thrives in sandy soils and coastal habitats. It has wide, dark green leaves with a rough texture and produces bright yellow flowers that resemble traditional sunflowers, though they are smaller in size. The plant’s stems are often reddish and covered with fine hairs.
Beach Sunflower is an excellent ground cover due to its spreading habit, often forming dense patches along the edges of dunes and beaches. It is salt-tolerant and can withstand occasional saltwater exposure, making it ideal for coastal gardens.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Beach Sunflower is well-suited for Florida’s coastal regions and thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9a to 11. It is found in sandy, well-drained soils along coastal areas, including dunes, beaches, and roadsides in Florida.
This plant prefers full sun and well-drained sandy soils but is highly adaptable to a variety of conditions. It is tolerant of salt and drought, making it ideal for coastal gardens and areas prone to salty air and occasional sea spray. It performs best when given plenty of sunlight but can tolerate light shade, especially in hotter parts of the state.
Beach Sunflower requires minimal watering once established, but it can benefit from occasional irrigation during prolonged dry periods.
Height / Spread:
Beach Sunflower typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet and spreads 2 to 3 feet wide, making it an ideal choice for ground cover or as a border plant in coastal landscapes. Its spreading habit allows it to quickly cover large areas.
Lifespan:
This plant is a perennial in Florida, typically living for several years in the right conditions. It may exhibit some dieback during colder winter months but will regenerate each spring from its root system.
Bloom Period:
Beach Sunflower blooms from late spring through the fall, with its peak bloom typically occurring in the summer months. The plant produces an abundance of yellow flowers, which attract pollinators throughout its long blooming season.
Flower Color:
The flowers are bright yellow with a dark brown center, resembling the traditional sunflower shape but smaller in size. The yellow petals are often narrow, giving the flowers a distinctive appearance compared to other sunflower species.
Beach Sunflower is an important plant for local wildlife. The flowers provide nectar for various pollinators, including native bees and butterflies, such as the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno) and the common buckeye (Junonia coenia).
The seeds are consumed by birds, including sparrows and other seed-eating species. Additionally, the plant offers shelter to insects and small wildlife, helping to support a diverse ecosystem in coastal areas.
Lanceleaf Coreopsis is a perennial wildflower that grows in a compact, upright form. The plant has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are light to medium green. It produces bright yellow flowers with a central disk surrounded by narrow, petal-like rays. The flowers are typically held on long, slender stems above the foliage, creating a striking display of color.
Lanceleaf Coreopsis is a versatile plant that thrives in a range of landscapes, from meadows to roadside habitats. Its drought tolerance and long bloom period make it a reliable addition to native plant gardens.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Lanceleaf Coreopsis is native to the southeastern United States and thrives in Florida’s USDA hardiness zones 8b to 11. It is found in natural areas such as prairies, fields, and open woodlands. The plant is well-suited for a variety of regions within Florida, from central to northern areas, and it is particularly well-suited for landscapes with poor, well-drained soils.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
This plant prefers full sun and dry to medium moisture levels, thriving in well-drained soils. It is highly adaptable to a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and slightly acidic soils. Lanceleaf Coreopsis is drought-tolerant once established, making it an excellent choice for xeriscaping and native gardens. It does best in areas with low humidity and can tolerate periods of dry weather, but it does not perform well in excessively wet or waterlogged soils.
Height / Spread:
Lanceleaf Coreopsis typically reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and spreads about 1 to 2 feet wide. It forms clumps and can spread moderately over time, making it suitable for both borders and mass plantings.
Lifespan:
This plant is a perennial, meaning it will live for several years, producing flowers each season. It may die back in winter but regrows from its roots in the spring. Proper care, such as periodic division, helps to extend its lifespan and maintain vigor.
Bloom Period:
Lanceleaf Coreopsis typically blooms from late spring through early summer, often starting in May and continuing into June. During this period, it produces abundant yellow flowers that create a bright contrast with the surrounding foliage. A second, lighter bloom may occur in late summer or early fall, depending on environmental conditions.
Flower Color:
The flowers are a bright, cheerful yellow, with long, narrow petals surrounding a central disk that starts out yellow and darkens to brown as it matures. This striking combination of color makes Lanceleaf Coreopsis a popular choice for ornamental gardens.
Wildlife Value:
Lanceleaf Coreopsis is beneficial to a variety of wildlife. Its nectar-rich flowers attract pollinators such as native bees, including the carpenter bee (Xylocopa spp.), and butterflies, including the common checkered skipper (Pyrgus communis).
The plant also provides seeds that are eaten by birds such as sparrows. Its dense foliage offers shelter for small insects and beneficial creatures, making it an important part of the local ecosystem.
6. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
Black-eyed Susan is a striking perennial or biennial wildflower with daisy-like flowers that stand tall on sturdy, erect stems. The plant has dark green, coarse-textured leaves that are lance-shaped and covered with fine hairs. The flowers feature vibrant yellow petals surrounding a dark, cone-shaped central disk, which gives the plant its name.
Black-eyed Susan is a hardy and resilient plant, known for its ability to withstand a variety of growing conditions, and it is often used in gardens for its long-lasting blooms and attractive foliage. It forms clumps and can spread moderately by seed.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Black-eyed Susan thrives in USDA hardiness zones 3 to 9 and is found throughout much of Florida. It is native to a wide range of habitats, including prairies, meadows, and open woodlands. In Florida, it is best suited to regions with moderate to well-drained soils, where it can be found in both natural settings and cultivated gardens.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
This plant prefers full sun but can tolerate light shade, especially in warmer climates. It grows well in well-drained soils, including sandy or loamy soils, and is adaptable to a range of pH levels, including mildly acidic to neutral.
Black-eyed Susan is drought-tolerant once established, making it a good choice for xeriscaping and areas with dry conditions. However, it does need consistent moisture during its growing season to perform optimally, particularly during dry spells.
Height / Spread:
Black-eyed Susan typically grows between 1 and 3 feet in height and spreads about 1 to 2 feet wide. Its upright, bushy habit and profuse flowers make it an excellent choice for borders, naturalized plantings, and wildflower gardens.
Lifespan:
Black-eyed Susan is generally a short-lived perennial or biennial, with a lifespan of 2 to 3 years. Though it may only survive for a few seasons, it often self-seeds and will return year after year in the same spot, providing long-term beauty. Regular deadheading and division can help prolong its flowering and vitality.
Bloom Period:
Black-eyed Susan blooms from early to late summer, typically from June through August. Its large, yellow flowers are borne on tall stems above the foliage and create a bright, cheerful display throughout the growing season. The plant may produce occasional blooms into early fall, especially if the weather is favorable.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Black-eyed Susan are a rich, golden yellow with a distinctive dark brown to black central disk. The petals are long and slender, and the flowers are held on tall stems that give the plant an airy, open appearance. This striking combination of colors makes Black-eyed Susan a favorite in wildflower and cottage gardens.
Wildlife Value:
Black-eyed Susan is an excellent plant for attracting pollinators. Its nectar-rich flowers attract native bees, including the honey bee (Apis mellifera), as well as butterflies such as the American lady (Vanessa virginiensis) and the painted lady (Vanessa cardui).
The seeds of Black-eyed Susan are consumed by birds, including finches and sparrows. The plant’s sturdy stems and foliage provide shelter for small insects and beneficial wildlife, making it an important addition to a pollinator-friendly or wildlife garden.
Indian Blanket Flower is an annual wildflower known for its vibrant, multicolored flowers. The plant has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are green and slightly hairy. The flowers consist of bright red and yellow petals surrounding a central disk, which ranges from dark brown to purple.
Indian Blanket Flower has a bushy, upright growth habit and is often used in naturalized gardens or wildflower meadows for its cheerful color. This plant is drought-tolerant and can grow in poor, sandy soils, making it well-suited to arid or low-maintenance landscapes. It can self-seed readily, contributing to its spread and creating bright, colorful patches year after year.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Indian Blanket Flower is native to Florida and is found in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 11. Even in Florida’s warmer climate, it has an annual growing cycle. It thrives in dry, open habitats, such as coastal dunes, roadsides, and disturbed areas. The plant does well in full sun and is commonly found in the central and northern parts of Florida.
Indian Blanket Flower prefers full sun and well-drained, sandy, or loamy soils. It is highly drought-tolerant once established and thrives in nutrient-poor soils. This plant does not require frequent watering, and it can survive periods of dryness, making it ideal for xeriscaping and coastal gardens.
It is adaptable to a variety of conditions but performs best in dry, sunny spots with minimal competition from other plants. While it can tolerate some light shade, it flowers best with ample sunlight.
Height / Spread:
Indian Blanket Flower typically grows between 12 to 18 inches in height and spreads about 12 to 18 inches wide. It is a compact, mounding plant that is well-suited for smaller garden spaces, edges of wildflower meadows, and containers. Its spreading habit can fill in areas with its bright, colorful flowers.
Lifespan:
Indian Blanket Flower is an annual in Florida, completing its life cycle within one growing season. The plant germinates, blooms, and sets seed during the spring and summer months, then dies back after the first frost. However, it readily self-seeds, allowing it to return the following year without replanting.
Bloom Period:
Indian Blanket Flower blooms from late spring through the fall, with peak bloom occurring in the summer months. The flowers are long-lasting, providing a burst of color throughout the warmer season. The plant is particularly attractive to pollinators during this time and continues to bloom until the first frost.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Indian Blanket Flower are a striking combination of red and yellow, often arranged in a fiery, sunset-like pattern. The petals are bright red with yellow tips, while the central disk is typically dark brown to purple, providing a stark contrast to the colorful petals. This makes the plant highly attractive to both humans and pollinators.
Indian Blanket Flower supports a variety of wildlife. The colorful blooms are rich in nectar, attracting numerous pollinators, including honeybees (Apis mellifera), bumblebees, and solitary bees. Butterflies such as the common buckeye (Junonia coenia) and painted lady (Vanessa cardui) are drawn to the flowers.
Birds, including finches, feed on the seeds, and the plant’s structure provides shelter to beneficial insects. This makes the Indian Blanket Flower a valuable addition to pollinator gardens and wildlife habitats.
Florida Tasselflower is an annual herbaceous plant with slender, upright stems and narrow, lance-shaped leaves. The leaves are bright green and often have a slightly wavy edge. The plant’s most striking feature is its unique flower heads, which resemble fluffy, red to orange tassels. These flowers are made up of numerous long, slender, tubular florets that give the plant a distinctive, feathery appearance.
Florida Tasselflower can grow in clumps, often reaching several stems per plant, and is used in wildflower gardens or naturalized landscapes for its showy blooms. The plant can sometimes reseed itself, though it is more commonly grown as an annual in Florida.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Florida Tasselflower thrives in Florida’s USDA hardiness zones 8b to 11, and is found throughout the state in a variety of habitats, from disturbed areas to roadsides, fields, and coastal regions. This plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions, and it is well-adapted to Florida’s climate, performing well in areas with full sun and moderate to high humidity.
Florida Tasselflower prefers full sun and well-drained soils, including sandy, loamy, and occasionally clayey soils. It grows best in moist but not waterlogged conditions, though it is drought-tolerant once established. This plant is highly adaptable and can survive in disturbed sites, such as fields or the edges of roads.
It does best in areas with moderate rainfall but can tolerate drier periods if needed. Once established, it requires minimal care, only needing watering during prolonged dry spells.
Height / Spread:
Florida Tasselflower typically reaches a height of 2 to 3 feet, with a spread of about 1 to 2 feet. The plant has a bushy growth habit, with several stems emerging from a central base. It is relatively compact for an annual, making it a good option for smaller garden spaces or naturalized areas.
Lifespan:
This plant is an annual in Florida, completing its life cycle in one growing season. It germinates in the spring, flowers in the summer, and dies back in the fall after producing seeds. Though short-lived, Florida Tasselflower is often able to reseed itself and return the following year, depending on the growing conditions.
Bloom Period:
Florida Tasselflower blooms from late spring through the summer, often continuing into the fall. Its bright, colorful blooms attract a variety of pollinators during its long bloom period. The feathery flowers are most vibrant in the warmer months, creating a striking display in the garden.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Florida Tasselflower are primarily red to orange, with a fluffy, tassel-like structure. The tubular florets are densely packed, creating a rounded head that looks similar to a small, colorful pom-pom. The vibrant flower heads make the plant highly attractive to pollinators and a focal point in any garden setting.
Florida Tasselflower is beneficial to pollinators, attracting bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. It is particularly valuable to native bees, such as the carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica) and small native bees, which feed on the nectar of the flowers. Butterflies like the common buckeye (Junonia coenia) are also drawn to the plant.
Additionally, the seeds produced by Florida Tasselflower are eaten by birds, making it an important plant for seed-eating species. The plant provides habitat for small pollinators, enhancing biodiversity in gardens and naturalized spaces.
Scarlet Sage is a perennial herb that grows upright with a bushy form. It has lance-shaped, dark green leaves with serrated edges and aromatic foliage. The plant produces clusters of tubular flowers that are bright red, though they can also appear in shades of pink or white in some varieties. The flowers are arranged in spikes that rise above the foliage, attracting a wide variety of pollinators.
Scarlet Sage is typically grown for its striking, vibrant flowers and its ability to thrive in diverse conditions, from garden beds to naturalized areas. This plant’s height and spread make it an excellent choice for attracting pollinators and adding color to garden borders or as a background plant.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Scarlet Sage grows well in Florida’s USDA hardiness zones 8b to 11, adapting to both tropical and subtropical climates. It is found naturally throughout Florida in disturbed areas, roadsides, and fields, where it thrives in full sun and can withstand the heat and humidity typical of the state.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
Scarlet Sage prefers full sun and well-drained soils, including sandy, loamy, or even slightly clayey soils. It is highly adaptable to a range of soil types and is tolerant of both drought and occasional flooding, though it performs best with regular moisture. Once established, the plant is relatively low-maintenance, requiring only periodic watering during dry spells. While it does well in sunny locations, it can tolerate partial shade, especially in the hotter parts of Florida.
Height / Spread:
Scarlet Sage typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 feet, with a spread of 1 to 2 feet. It has an upright habit, with flower spikes rising above the foliage to add vertical interest to the garden. Its relatively compact size makes it suitable for garden beds, containers, or as part of a wildflower mix.
Lifespan:
Scarlet Sage is a short-lived perennial in Florida, typically living for 2 to 3 years. It often behaves as an annual in certain conditions, especially when it does not survive colder winters, but it will self-seed and return year after year if the seeds are allowed to mature.
Bloom Period:
Scarlet Sage blooms from spring through winter, with the peak bloom time occurring in the summer. In Zones 10-11, it may even bloom year-round. The plant produces an abundance of red, tubular flowers throughout its bloom period, continuing to attract pollinators into the cooler months. Its vibrant flowers make it a standout in any garden.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Scarlet Sage are typically a striking red, though some varieties may exhibit lighter pink or white hues. The tubular shape of the flowers is characteristic of the Salvia genus, and they are clustered together in spikes that rise above the foliage. The bright red flowers make it a favorite of hummingbirds and bees.
Wildlife Value:
Scarlet Sage is highly beneficial to a range of pollinators, particularly hummingbirds, which are drawn to the plant’s tubular flowers for nectar. It also attracts a variety of native bees, such as honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus species), as well as butterflies like the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno).
The seeds produced by the plant are eaten by birds, providing additional wildlife value. Overall, Scarlet Sage plays an important role in supporting a healthy pollinator population in Florida gardens.
Spotted Beebalm is a perennial herb that forms clumps of upright stems with rough, aromatic foliage. The plant produces unique, tubular flowers that have distinctive purple-spotted yellow bracts, making them stand out in any garden. The flowers are borne in dense clusters at the tops of the stems, surrounded by the showy bracts. The plant has a spreading habit and produces square stems typical of the mint family.
It is relatively tall compared to other wildflowers, and its flowers provide a striking contrast to the surrounding greenery. Spotted Beebalm is commonly used in native plant gardens for its visual interest and its appeal to pollinators.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Spotted Beebalm thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 10, which includes much of Florida, particularly in areas with moist, well-drained soils. It is found naturally in open, disturbed habitats such as prairies, fields, and roadsides, making it well-suited for Florida’s diverse ecosystems. Its tolerance for a range of conditions makes it adaptable throughout the state.
This plant prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soils. It is tolerant of a variety of soil types, including sandy and clay soils, but it performs best in loamy soils that are rich in organic matter.
Spotted Beebalm is drought-tolerant once established but benefits from regular watering during dry spells, especially in the warmer months. The plant is also somewhat tolerant of moderate flooding, which makes it ideal for garden areas with fluctuating moisture levels.
Height / Spread:
Spotted Beebalm typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 feet, with a spread of 1 to 2 feet. Its upright, clumping growth habit makes it an excellent background plant or a specimen in garden beds, borders, or naturalized areas. The plant’s bushy nature creates a dense structure that works well for filling in gaps or adding vertical interest to a landscape.
Lifespan:
Spotted Beebalm is a perennial in Florida, living for several years. It is typically long-lived in suitable conditions, though it may die back to the ground in the winter, regenerating from its root system the following spring. It often self-seeds in the wild, ensuring that it can continue to thrive in its native habitat for many seasons.
Bloom Period:
Spotted Beebalm blooms from late spring through the fall, with its peak bloom occurring in the summer. The plant produces abundant clusters of tubular flowers with unique purple-spotted yellow bracts, attracting pollinators throughout its long bloom period. The flowers provide color and nectar for bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Spotted Beebalm are tubular and pale yellow with prominent purple spots on the bracts that surround the flowers. The contrast between the yellow and purple creates an eye-catching display, making the plant a favorite for pollinators and gardeners alike.
Spotted Beebalm is an important plant for local wildlife, particularly for pollinators such as bees, including native bee species like the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus species). The plant is also visited by butterflies like the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno), as well as hummingbirds, which are attracted to the tubular flowers.
The seeds produced by the plant are consumed by birds, contributing to its value as a wildlife-friendly garden addition.
Butterfly Milkweed is a hardy perennial that features bright orange to yellow flowers arranged in dense clusters. The plant has narrow, lance-shaped leaves with a rough texture and grows in an upright, bushy form. It is commonly found in prairies, open fields, and roadsides, where it adds a splash of color to the landscape. Its attractive flowers not only draw attention but are also a vital nectar source for pollinators.
The plant has a taproot system, which makes it drought-tolerant once established but also means it can be more difficult to transplant. The stems of the plant are typically thick and sturdy, providing support for the dense flower clusters.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Butterfly Milkweed is well-suited for Florida’s climate, thriving in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 10. It grows best in well-drained, sandy or loamy soils and is commonly found in dry, open areas. This species is adapted to Florida’s summer heat and humidity and can be found in a variety of habitats, from coastal plains to inland prairies.
This plant prefers full sun and well-drained soils. It is highly drought-tolerant once established but does not perform well in areas with excessive moisture or poorly drained soils. Butterfly Milkweed is not particular about soil type but benefits from slightly acidic to neutral soils with good drainage.
It thrives in dry, sandy or loamy soils and is ideal for xeriscaping or wildflower gardens. While it is relatively low-maintenance, it will benefit from occasional watering during extended dry periods, especially during the hottest months.
Height / Spread:
Butterfly Milkweed grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet, with a spread of 1 to 1.5 feet. Its compact size makes it suitable for garden beds, wildflower meadows, or as a border plant. It has an upright, clumping growth habit, with a dense, bushy appearance when in full bloom. The plant’s size makes it an excellent choice for attracting pollinators without overwhelming smaller garden spaces.
Lifespan:
Butterfly Milkweed is a perennial in Florida, living for several years. It has a long lifespan and can continue to thrive if planted in the right conditions. The plant may die back to the ground in the winter, but it regenerates from its roots in the spring. It is a self-seeding species, ensuring it will continue to produce new plants in the area year after year.
Bloom Period:
This plant blooms from late spring through the summer, with its peak bloom occurring in early summer. The bright orange to yellow flowers are arranged in tight clusters that attract a variety of pollinators. The flowers are a rich source of nectar for butterflies, bees, and other beneficial insects, making it a valuable addition to any pollinator garden.
Flower Color:
Butterfly Milkweed produces vibrant orange flowers, though yellow varieties can occasionally be found. The flowers are arranged in tight clusters at the tips of the stems, forming a round, globe-like shape. Their bright color makes them highly visible to pollinators, particularly butterflies, and provides a striking contrast against the plant’s green foliage.
Butterfly Milkweed is an essential nectar source for many pollinators, including butterflies such as the Monarch (Danaus plexippus), Queen (Danaus gilippus), and Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno), as well as bees like the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and native solitary bees. The plant’s flowers attract these species throughout its bloom period, helping to support pollinator populations.
In addition to providing nectar, the plant’s seeds are eaten by birds, contributing to its wildlife value. Butterfly Milkweed is also a host plant for Monarch caterpillars, which feed on its foliage, making it an important part of the Monarch’s life cycle.
Blue-eyed Grass is a small, herbaceous perennial that produces delicate blue to violet flowers resembling miniature irises. The plant has long, narrow, grass-like leaves that grow in clumps, with flower stalks rising above the foliage. The flowers are typically 1 to 2 inches across, with six petals and a prominent yellow center, creating a striking contrast.
This plant is often found growing in moist, open meadows, prairies, and along roadsides, where it adds subtle color to the landscape. Blue-eyed Grass is well-suited to naturalized areas and wildflower gardens, where its compact size and attractive blooms make it an excellent choice for low-maintenance plantings.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Blue-eyed Grass thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7 to 10, making it well-suited for most of Florida’s climate. It is commonly found in moist, well-drained soils throughout Florida’s uplands, including prairies, meadows, and roadsides. It thrives in areas with full sun to partial shade, and is a good choice for natural landscapes that require a low-maintenance, native groundcover.
This plant thrives in full sun to light shade and prefers moist, well-drained soils. While it can tolerate some drought once established, it does best in areas with consistent moisture, such as along the edges of ponds or in wet meadows.
Blue-eyed Grass is adaptable to a variety of soil types, including sandy or loamy soils, but it performs best in soils that are kept relatively moist. Once established, it requires minimal care and can handle occasional periods of dry conditions.
Height / Spread:
Blue-eyed Grass grows to a height of about 12 to 18 inches, with a spread of around 6 to 12 inches. Its compact size makes it well-suited for use in wildflower gardens, rock gardens, or as an edging plant. The plant has a clumping habit, and when in bloom, it forms a striking, colorful display that stands above its grass-like foliage.
Lifespan:
Blue-eyed Grass is a perennial, living for several years in the right conditions. It can self-seed, which allows it to spread and naturalize over time, though it may not always be as prolific as other species. It is relatively low-maintenance and can be left to grow and reseed without much intervention.
Bloom Period:
Blue-eyed Grass typically blooms from early spring to late spring, with the peak bloom occurring in late spring. The flowers bloom in succession, with new flowers opening up along the stem as older ones fade, providing a long-lasting display of color. The plant’s flowers are particularly attractive to small bees and other pollinators during its bloom period.
Flower Color:
The flowers are a vibrant blue to violet color, with a distinctive yellow center that stands out against the petals. The flowers are shaped like small irises, with six petals that form a star-like shape. Their bright color and distinctive appearance make Blue-eyed Grass a striking addition to any garden or landscape.
Blue-eyed Grass is a valuable plant for pollinators, particularly small bees and butterflies. The plant’s flowers provide nectar and attract a variety of insect pollinators during its bloom period.
Additionally, the seeds produced by Blue-eyed Grass are eaten by birds, providing an important food source for seed-eating species. Its compact size and attractive flowers make it a good choice for adding diversity to pollinator-friendly landscapes.
Swamp Sunflower is a tall, upright perennial that thrives in moist to wet conditions. It has narrow, lance-shaped leaves and produces clusters of bright yellow flowers with dark centers that resemble the traditional sunflower, though on a smaller scale. The plant has an airy, open habit, with its multiple stems branching upward, typically reaching 4 to 6 feet in height.
Swamp Sunflower is commonly found in wetlands, swamps, and along the edges of streams, where it adds a splash of color to these habitats. It is an excellent choice for rain gardens, naturalized areas, or as a tall background plant in native plant gardens.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Swamp Sunflower thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8 to 10, making it well-suited for Florida’s climate. It is commonly found in Florida’s wetland areas, including swamps, marshes, and along streambanks. It can tolerate occasional flooding and is an excellent choice for planting in moist or seasonally wet soils.
This plant prefers full sun but can tolerate some light shade, especially in hotter parts of Florida. Swamp Sunflower thrives in moist to wet soils, including those in rain gardens or along water features, and it can tolerate standing water for short periods.
It does best in soils that are rich in organic matter but is adaptable to a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. Once established, it is relatively drought-tolerant but benefits from regular moisture, especially during prolonged dry spells.
Height / Spread:
Swamp Sunflower grows to a height of 4 to 6 feet, with a spread of 2 to 3 feet. Its tall, open habit makes it an excellent plant for the back of borders or as a striking vertical element in a naturalized landscape. The plant’s height and spreading habit allow it to create a bright, yellow backdrop when in full bloom.
Lifespan:
Swamp Sunflower is a perennial, living for several years in the right conditions. It may die back in colder winter months but will regenerate from the root system in the spring. Its long lifespan makes it an excellent choice for a permanent fixture in wetland or water-side plantings.
Bloom Period:
Swamp Sunflower blooms from late summer through fall, with peak bloom typically occurring in September and October. The plant produces numerous small yellow flowers arranged in large, branching clusters that provide an extended bloom period, often lasting into the cooler months.
Flower Color:
The flowers are a brilliant yellow with a dark brown to black center, resembling the classic sunflower but smaller in size. The flowers are arranged in loose clusters, and their bright yellow color stands out against the narrow green leaves, creating a cheerful display that attracts pollinators.
Swamp Sunflower is an important plant for a variety of pollinators, including native bees, butterflies, and other insects. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for these pollinators, and the seeds are consumed by birds, such as finches, sparrows, and other seed-eating species.
The plant’s tall structure also offers shelter for small wildlife, making it an important component of a diverse, wildlife-friendly garden or landscape.
14. Pineland Lantana (Lantana depressa)
Pineland Lantana is a low-growing, spreading perennial shrub native to Florida’s upland habitats. It has fragrant, lance-shaped leaves that are covered with fine hairs, and it produces small clusters of brightly colored flowers that range from yellow to orange, eventually turning pink as they mature. These flowers are arranged in tight, rounded clusters, attracting pollinators.
The plant has a spreading, ground-covering habit, making it an excellent choice for filling in gaps in native landscapes or for use as a ground cover in sunny locations. It is drought-tolerant and thrives in well-drained soils.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Pineland Lantana is found in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 11, making it suitable for Florida’s climate, particularly in the central and southern parts of the state. It is commonly found in dry pinelands and scrub habitats, where it grows in sandy soils and areas that receive full sun. This species is well adapted to the conditions of Florida’s uplands and can tolerate heat and drought.
This plant thrives in full sun and well-drained sandy or loamy soils, making it ideal for dry, sandy landscapes and coastal areas. It is highly drought-tolerant once established and performs well in poor soils with low fertility, making it perfect for xeriscaping or native plant gardens.
Pineland Lantana prefers dry to moderately moist conditions and is well-suited for areas where water is not regularly available, though it can tolerate some irrigation during extended dry periods. It is a heat-tolerant plant that does not require heavy watering once established.
Height / Spread:
Pineland Lantana typically grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet with a spread of 3 to 4 feet. Its spreading, ground-hugging habit makes it an excellent choice for ground cover or for planting in areas where a low, dense plant is needed to fill in space. The plant’s width allows it to cover a large area quickly, making it useful for erosion control in dry landscapes.
Lifespan:
This plant is a perennial, living for several years in its native habitat. Pineland Lantana is hardy in Florida’s hot and dry conditions, often surviving for multiple seasons with minimal care. It may experience dieback during particularly cold winters but will generally regenerate from its root system when temperatures rise in the spring.
Bloom Period:
Pineland Lantana blooms from spring through fall, with its peak bloom occurring during the warmer months. The plant produces colorful clusters of flowers from early spring through late autumn, with flowers changing color as they age, creating a continuous, vibrant display of yellow, orange, and pink hues.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Pineland Lantana are small and clustered, with a color range that transitions from yellow to orange and eventually to pink as they mature. This color change creates an eye-catching display, with different stages of flowers blooming at once in the same cluster. The bright, multicolored flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies.
Pineland Lantana is highly attractive to pollinators, especially native bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The flowers provide nectar for a wide range of species, including the Zebra Longwing butterfly (Dione zebra) and the Great Purple Hairstreak (Atlides halesus), both of which are native to Florida.
The plant’s berries, when they develop, are also consumed by various bird species, including finches and sparrows. Pineland Lantana plays a key role in supporting a diverse range of wildlife in native plant gardens and xeriscapes.
Lyreleaf Sage is a low-growing, perennial herb native to Florida’s sandy and forested areas. It has distinctive, dark green leaves that are shaped like the outline of a lyre, hence the name. The plant produces tall spikes of tubular purple flowers that are clustered at the top, which bloom in the spring and early summer.
The plant has a minty fragrance when disturbed, characteristic of the Salvia family. Lyreleaf Sage is often found in moist, well-drained soils, making it a good choice for rain gardens or wildflower gardens. It is also known for its ability to attract pollinators.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Lyreleaf Sage is well-suited for USDA hardiness zones 7a to 11 and is native to the southeastern United States, including Florida. It grows in a variety of habitats, from sandy roadsides to pine forests and wetlands, thriving in the subtropical climate of Florida’s central and northern regions.
This plant prefers partial to full sun and well-drained, moist soils. It is tolerant of a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay-rich soils. Lyreleaf Sage thrives in environments that receive regular rainfall but can also tolerate short periods of drought once established.
It benefits from occasional irrigation during drier times, especially during the blooming season. It also appreciates some protection from hot afternoon sun in the warmer regions of Florida, where it can tolerate light shade during the hottest months.
Height / Spread:
Lyreleaf Sage typically grows 1 to 2 feet tall and spreads about 1 to 2 feet in width. The plant’s compact size makes it an excellent choice for garden borders, mixed perennial beds, or as a low-growing accent plant in wildflower gardens. It forms a rosette of basal leaves, with flower spikes rising above the foliage during the blooming period.
Lifespan:
Lyreleaf Sage is a perennial, meaning it will return year after year in the right conditions. It has a relatively long lifespan for a native wildflower, often persisting for several years in the garden or natural landscape. In colder winters, it may experience dieback, but it will regenerate from the roots when temperatures rise in the spring.
Bloom Period:
The blooming period for Lyreleaf Sage is from early spring to early summer, with the peak bloom occurring in late spring. During this time, the plant produces showy spikes of tubular purple flowers that are highly attractive to pollinators. The flowers typically bloom in succession, providing a long-lasting display of color in the landscape.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Lyreleaf Sage are a deep lavender to purple, arranged in dense clusters along tall spikes. The tubular flowers are highly attractive to bees and hummingbirds, who visit the flowers for their nectar. The purple color stands out against the dark green, lyre-shaped foliage, creating an appealing contrast in garden settings.
Lyreleaf Sage is an excellent plant for attracting pollinators, particularly bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Native bee species, including honeybees and bumblebees, are frequent visitors to the flowers. The plant is also important for butterfly species such as the Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia) and the Red-banded Hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops).
The plant’s dense foliage provides shelter for small insects and larvae, making it a valuable addition to wildlife-friendly gardens. Additionally, the seeds of Lyreleaf Sage can attract birds, particularly during the winter months.
16. Scarlet Hibiscus (Hibiscus coccineus)
By Photo by David J. Stang – source: David Stang. First published at ZipcodeZoo.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Scarlet Hibiscus is a large, striking perennial that produces large, bright red flowers with prominent, long stamens. The plant has deeply lobed, dark green leaves that are often a bit rough to the touch. It grows as a tall shrub or herbaceous perennial, and its flowers can be up to 6 inches across, blooming at the top of long, slender stems.
This species thrives in moist, well-drained soils, particularly in wetlands, along pond edges, and in rain gardens. Its showy red flowers create a dramatic splash of color, especially during the warm months of the growing season.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Scarlet Hibiscus thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7a to 11. In Florida, it is found in the northern, central, and coastal regions, particularly in areas with abundant moisture such as wetlands, stream banks, and the edges of ponds. It grows best in areas with high humidity and frequent rainfall, which are common conditions in Florida’s subtropical to tropical climate.
This plant prefers full sun to partial shade, with plenty of moisture. It thrives in wet soils and is ideal for rain gardens, boggy areas, and pond edges. Scarlet Hibiscus can tolerate occasional drought once established but requires consistent moisture for optimal growth.
It is well-suited for Florida’s humid climate and can tolerate high heat, making it a great choice for summer bloom in Florida gardens. Soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, and the plant may benefit from occasional fertilization to encourage strong flowering.
Height / Spread:
Scarlet Hibiscus can grow from 4 to 6 feet tall, with a spread of about 3 to 4 feet. Its large, upright stems make it an excellent background or focal plant in garden beds or naturalized landscapes. It’s often used in landscapes where its bold flowers can make an impact, but it also serves well as a screen or a border plant.
Lifespan:
Scarlet Hibiscus is a perennial that can live for several years in Florida, returning each spring from its root system. It may experience some dieback during the colder months but will regenerate once temperatures warm up. It’s considered a long-lived perennial in suitable conditions.
Bloom Period:
The blooming period of Scarlet Hibiscus occurs from late spring through the summer, with the peak bloom in the warmer months. The plant produces large, showy red flowers that last for a day or two, but new flowers continuously open over the blooming period. The flowers attract pollinators, including hummingbirds and butterflies, and provide a stunning display.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Scarlet Hibiscus are a bright, vibrant red with a central cluster of long, yellow stamens. Each flower can be up to 6 inches across, making it one of the more striking native hibiscus species. The deep red petals contrast beautifully with the green foliage, especially during the plant’s blooming season.
Scarlet Hibiscus is a valuable plant for pollinators. Its large, showy flowers are highly attractive to hummingbirds, which are drawn to the bright red color and rich nectar. Butterflies, including species like the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno) and the Zebra Longwing (Dione idalia), also visit the flowers for nectar.
The plant’s leaves may provide shelter for various insects, and the seeds are consumed by birds, adding to its ecological value in the landscape. Its ability to thrive in moist, wet conditions also makes it important for supporting aquatic or riparian wildlife.
Swamp Milkweed is a perennial herb with narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are typically arranged in opposite pairs along the stems. The plant grows tall, with slender stems that reach up to 3 feet in height. Its flowers are clusters of small, star-shaped pink blooms with five petals and a characteristic five-lobed crown.
The plant has a smooth, upright growth habit and is known for its ability to thrive in moist, boggy soils. Swamp Milkweed produces attractive blooms in large clusters, which make it a striking addition to wetland gardens or naturalized landscapes.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Swamp Milkweed is well-suited to USDA hardiness zones 7a to 11. In Florida, it is typically found in the central and northern regions, particularly in wetland areas, along stream banks, and in areas with consistently moist soil. It thrives in Florida’s humid climate, especially in locations that receive regular rainfall and in soils that retain moisture.
Swamp Milkweed thrives in full sun to partial shade, with a strong preference for moist, well-drained soils. It is ideally suited for wetland areas, rain gardens, or along the edges of ponds and streams where the soil remains consistently moist throughout the growing season.
It is not as tolerant of dry conditions as some other milkweed species but can adapt to slightly drier soils once established. The plant is also tolerant of high humidity and temperatures, making it well-suited for Florida’s climate.
Height / Spread:
Swamp Milkweed can reach up to 3 feet in height and typically spreads to about 2 feet wide. It grows in a clumping habit, which helps to create a dense, attractive mound of foliage and flowers. The plant can be used in groupings for a mass planting effect or as part of a naturalized wetland garden.
Lifespan:
Swamp Milkweed is a perennial in Florida and will return year after year from its root system. It is long-lived and can continue to thrive for many years when grown in appropriate conditions. During the cooler months, the plant may die back to the ground but will regenerate in the spring as temperatures rise.
Bloom Period:
The blooming period for Swamp Milkweed occurs in mid to late summer, typically from June to September. During this time, it produces clusters of small, pink flowers that are highly attractive to pollinators. Each flower cluster lasts for several weeks, providing a continuous source of nectar for butterflies, bees, and other pollinators.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Swamp Milkweed are a soft pink, forming small clusters with a characteristic star-shaped structure. Each flower has five petals and a unique five-lobed crown. The blooms are aromatic and highly attractive to pollinators, particularly monarch butterflies, which rely on milkweed species as a host plant for their larvae.
Swamp Milkweed is an important plant for wildlife, especially pollinators like butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) rely on Swamp Milkweed as a host plant for laying their eggs and feeding their larvae.
The flowers also provide nectar for a variety of bee species, including native honeybees, and other butterflies, such as the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno) and the Zebra Longwing (Dione idalia). Additionally, the plant’s dense foliage provides shelter for insects and small wildlife, making it a valuable plant in ecosystems that support biodiversity.
18. Coastal Mock Vervain (Glandularia maritima)
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Coastal Mock Vervain, sometimes called “Beach Verbena,” is a low-growing, spreading perennial with small, narrow, and aromatic leaves that are grayish-green in color. It produces dense clusters of small, tubular flowers that range from purple to violet, often with a lighter throat, giving it a delicate appearance.
The plant has a woody base and fine, spreading stems that form a low ground cover or mat. It has a compact growth habit and is well-suited for coastal gardens, dunes, and areas where salt-tolerance is required. Coastal Mock Vervain is often seen in sandy soils and is known for its drought tolerance once established.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Coastal Mock Vervain thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 11. In Florida, it is most commonly found in coastal areas, including the eastern and southern regions. It prefers areas with direct exposure to saltwater and sea breezes, making it particularly well-suited for the state’s coastal environments, dunes, and sandy roadsides.
It is a native species in Florida’s coastal habitats and is found in areas that are exposed to the elements and often prone to occasional saltwater exposure.
This plant prefers full sun and well-drained sandy or loamy soils. It is highly tolerant of salt, making it an excellent choice for coastal gardens, especially those that experience regular saltwater spray or exposure.
Coastal Mock Vervain thrives in dry, sandy conditions and can endure periods of drought once established. It is also tolerant of poor soils and does not require frequent fertilization. While it does best in full sun, it can tolerate light shade, especially in hotter climates.
Height / Spread:
Coastal Mock Vervain typically grows to about 1 to 2 feet in height and spreads 2 to 3 feet wide. Its spreading habit makes it an excellent ground cover plant, ideal for filling in gaps or stabilizing sandy soil along coastal areas. It can quickly cover large areas and is often used in landscaping to prevent erosion and promote soil stability.
Lifespan:
This plant is a perennial in Florida, capable of living for several years under the right growing conditions. It will typically die back during the cooler months but regrow in the spring, emerging from its root system. It is considered a hardy, long-lived plant in coastal landscapes, often surviving the toughest conditions.
Bloom Period:
Coastal Mock Vervain blooms from spring through summer, with peak blooming occurring in late spring to early summer. It produces an abundance of small, tubular flowers that are attractive to pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The flowers are produced in clusters, creating a striking display of color.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Coastal Mock Vervain are typically violet to purple, with a lighter, almost white throat. The tubular flowers are small and densely arranged in clusters, making them highly attractive to pollinators. The vibrant color of the flowers contrasts beautifully against the plant’s gray-green foliage.
Coastal Mock Vervain is an excellent plant for attracting pollinators, especially butterflies and bees. It is particularly favored by various species of bees, including native bumblebees, as well as by butterflies like the Gulf Fritillary (Dione juno) and the Monarch (Danaus plexippus).
The plant’s dense flowers also provide nectar for hummingbirds. Additionally, Coastal Mock Vervain offers shelter to small insects and wildlife, making it a valuable component of a coastal ecosystem.
Elliot’s Aster is a native perennial with slender, lance-shaped leaves that form a bushy clump. The plant’s stems are upright, reaching heights of 2 to 4 feet, and are often lightly hairy. Its vibrant, daisy-like flowers bloom in late summer to fall, with lavender to light purple petals surrounding a yellow center.
The flowers attract numerous pollinators, and the plant has a soft, airy appearance when in full bloom. Elliot’s Aster thrives in moist, well-drained soils and is typically found in natural settings like wetlands, floodplains, and coastal uplands.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Elliot’s Aster is found in USDA hardiness zones 8a to 10b, making it ideal for the warmer parts of Florida, particularly in central and southern regions. It naturally grows in moist environments, such as wet prairies, marshes, and coastal plains, and can be found in Florida’s wetland areas and along riverbanks. It thrives in areas with high humidity and regular rainfall.
This species prefers moist to moderately wet, well-drained soils in full sun to partial shade. While it is adaptable to various soil types, it performs best in fertile, humus-rich soils. Elliot’s Aster is not particularly drought-tolerant, so it requires consistent moisture, especially during the hotter months.
It benefits from regular watering during dry periods but should not sit in standing water, as it prefers well-drained conditions. It is generally pest-resistant and requires minimal maintenance once established.
Height / Spread:
Elliot’s Aster typically grows to a height of 2 to 4 feet, with a spread of about 2 to 3 feet. The plant has a relatively compact growth habit, making it suitable for medium-sized landscapes or as part of a wildflower garden. Its erect stems and bushy form make it a good choice for adding vertical interest to garden beds or native plantings.
Lifespan:
Elliot’s Aster is a perennial that can live for several years in favorable conditions. While it will die back in the winter, the root system remains alive, and the plant will re-emerge in the spring. It can thrive for many years with minimal care, as long as it is in a location with adequate moisture.
Bloom Period:
This aster blooms from late summer through fall, typically from August to November, with peak flowering occurring in September and October. Its bright lavender flowers attract a wide variety of pollinators, especially bees and butterflies.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Elliot’s Aster are a soft lavender to pale purple, with a yellow center. The flowers are typically about 1 to 2 inches across and are arranged in loose clusters at the tops of the plant’s stems. The plant’s vibrant flowers stand out against its dark green foliage.
Elliot’s Aster is highly beneficial to wildlife, attracting a wide range of pollinators. It is particularly favored by native bees, such as honeybees and bumblebees, as well as butterflies like the American Snout (Libytheana carinenta) and the Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui).
The plant’s seeds are also an important food source for small birds, particularly sparrows. By supporting these pollinators and birds, Elliot’s Aster plays a crucial role in sustaining local ecosystems.
Spiderwort is a perennial herb known for its striking, triangular leaves and clusters of blue, three-petaled flowers. The plant’s leaves are long and lance-shaped, emerging from the base in a clump.
The flowers are bright blue with yellow stamens, and they bloom during the morning, often closing by the afternoon. Spiderwort’s grass-like foliage adds texture to gardens, while its vibrant flowers provide color from spring to early summer.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Spiderwort thrives in USDA hardiness zones 5b to 9b, making it suitable for much of Florida, particularly in the northern and central regions. It grows well in moist, well-drained soils, especially in areas that mimic its natural habitat of meadows, prairies, and woodlands.
This plant prefers full sun to partial shade, though it blooms best when given at least a few hours of direct sunlight each day. Spiderwort is adaptable to a variety of soil types but does best in moderately rich, moist, well-draining soil. It tolerates both drought and wet conditions once established, though it generally prefers slightly moist environments.
Height / Spread:
Spiderwort generally grows between 1 to 2 feet tall and spreads about 1 to 1.5 feet wide. Its clumping growth habit makes it ideal for filling in borders or adding naturalistic texture to garden beds.
Lifespan:
Spiderwort is a perennial plant, typically returning each year. However, it is short-lived, with individual plants often dying back after a couple of seasons. It tends to self-seed freely, allowing it to persist in the garden even if older plants die off.
Bloom Period:
The bloom period for Spiderwort typically occurs in late spring to early summer, from April to June. It produces flowers that last only a day or two but continuously produces new blooms throughout the flowering season.
Flower Color:
Spiderwort flowers are bright blue or purple, often with a slight pinkish tinge in some varieties. The blooms have a unique, delicate appearance and are highlighted by the contrasting yellow stamens at their centers.
Spiderwort provides valuable nectar for pollinators, particularly bees and butterflies. Its flowers are especially attractive to native bees, and its seeds offer food for birds during the fall and winter months. It can also serve as cover for small wildlife.
Stokes Aster is a perennial herb known for its large, daisy-like flowers that bloom in shades of lavender to blue. The plant has smooth, dark green leaves and an upright, bushy growth habit.
It typically produces flowers from mid to late summer, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Its large, showy blooms and long flowering period make it a striking addition to native gardens. The plant can grow in clumps and is ideal for attracting pollinators due to its abundant nectar-rich flowers.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Stokes Aster thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 7b to 9a. It is native to the southeastern United States, particularly in areas such as the Carolinas and Georgia. This plant does best in regions with mild winters and warm summers, making it well-suited for Florida’s climate, especially in the northern and central parts of the state.
Stokes Aster prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil and a sunny location. While it can tolerate some light shade, it blooms best when given full sun. It is relatively drought-tolerant once established but will perform better with moderate watering during dry spells. This plant also appreciates good air circulation and benefits from occasional mulching to maintain soil moisture.
Height / Spread:
Stokes Aster typically grows between 1 to 2 feet in height and spreads about 18 to 24 inches. It forms clumps, with each plant producing multiple stems that rise from a central base. The flowers appear on sturdy stems that stand above the foliage, creating a neat, bushy appearance.
Lifespan:
Stokes Aster is a perennial, meaning it lives for several years, typically blooming every summer as long as the plant is well-maintained. The plant can thrive for 3 to 5 years, sometimes longer, if grown in ideal conditions with proper care.
Bloom Period:
Stokes Aster begins blooming in early to mid-summer and continues until the fall. The flowers typically last from June through September, with the peak bloom occurring in July and August. This extended blooming period provides vital nectar for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators during the growing season.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Stokes Aster range in color from lavender to a deep blue, with a central yellow disk surrounded by soft, petal-like ray flowers. The color of the blooms can vary slightly depending on the growing conditions, but they are generally a striking shade of purple to blue.
Stokes Aster is highly beneficial for pollinators, particularly for various species of native bees, such as the mason bee (Osmia spp.) and bumblebees (Bombus spp.). It also attracts butterflies, including the common eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) and the painted lady (Vanessa cardui), which feed on its nectar.
Additionally, the flowers provide a rich source of nectar for honeybees (Apis mellifera) throughout the blooming season, supporting local pollinator populations.
Swamp rosemallow is a striking perennial plant known for its large, showy flowers. The plant produces huge, trumpet-shaped blooms that can reach up to 6 inches in diameter. These flowers have a dramatic appearance with delicate, pale pink or white petals surrounding a prominent dark red center.
The plant’s foliage is deep green, and it tends to grow in a bushy clump. Its tall, erect stems add vertical interest to any garden, with the blooms positioned above the leaves for high visibility. Swamp rosemallow can be a wonderful addition to wetland areas or water gardens due to its moisture-loving nature.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Swamp rosemallow thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8b to 11b, which covers much of Florida, especially in the central and southern regions. It is well-suited to the southeastern U.S. climate, where the warmth and humidity provide optimal growing conditions for this plant.
This plant prefers moist, well-drained soils and is often found growing near ponds, streams, or in marshy areas. It enjoys full sun but can tolerate partial shade in hotter climates. Swamp rosemallow can also tolerate occasional flooding, making it a great choice for areas with standing water during heavy rains. While it thrives in wet environments, it also does well in slightly drier, well-watered soil conditions.
Height / Spread:
Swamp rosemallow typically grows to a height of 4 to 6 feet, with a spread of about 3 to 4 feet. Its tall, upright growth makes it an excellent plant for adding height to garden borders, water features, or even as a background in larger garden beds.
Lifespan:
This plant is a perennial, meaning it will return year after year. Swamp rosemallow can live for several seasons when given the proper growing conditions, with new growth emerging in the spring as the weather warms.
Bloom Period:
Swamp rosemallow blooms during the late summer to fall months, typically from July through September. The large, beautiful flowers attract pollinators, and each individual bloom lasts only a day, but new ones appear continuously throughout the blooming period.
Flower Color:
The flowers of Swamp rosemallow are typically pale pink or white with a dark red or purple center. The dramatic contrast between the light petals and dark throat of the flower is a distinctive feature of this plant, making it a standout in the garden.
Swamp rosemallow is particularly attractive to pollinators, including bees such as the Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) and butterflies like the Swallowtail species. The nectar-rich flowers provide an important food source for these pollinators, especially during the late summer when many other plants are past their blooming period.
It is also visited by hummingbirds, who are drawn to the bright, trumpet-like flowers.
Wild blue phlox is a perennial herbaceous plant with fragrant, delicate blue or lavender flowers that bloom in loose clusters. The flowers have five petals each, forming a star-like shape, and the plant has a soft, spreading growth habit. The leaves are opposite and lance-shaped, giving the plant a bushy appearance.
Wild blue phlox is a low-maintenance plant that is often found in woodland or meadow settings. Its beauty and pleasant fragrance make it a popular choice for naturalized gardens or as an underplanting in shady areas.
Best Growing Region / Zone:
Wild blue phlox is well-suited to USDA hardiness zones 4 to 8, which encompasses much of the northern and central United States, extending into parts of the Southeast. It grows particularly well in moist, shaded areas and is common in the woodlands of eastern North America, making it a good fit for gardens in the Midwest and Northeast.
Preferred Growing Conditions:
By Photo by David J. Stang – source: David Stang. First published at ZipcodeZoo.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
This plant thrives in moist, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers partial to full shade, making it an ideal choice for woodland gardens or areas with dappled sunlight.
Wild blue phlox also tolerates some sunlight but performs best in cooler, shaded conditions. It appreciates consistent moisture, especially during the blooming period, and should be watered regularly to avoid dry spells.
Height / Spread:
Wild blue phlox grows to a height of 12 to 18 inches and spreads up to 18 inches wide. Its compact, spreading growth habit makes it suitable for use in ground covers or as a low border in garden beds.
Lifespan:
As a perennial, wild blue phlox returns year after year, typically living for several seasons with minimal care. It is a reliable addition to any garden, particularly in shady or woodland environments, where it thrives and naturalizes over time.
Bloom Period:
The bloom period for wild blue phlox is in spring, typically from April to June, depending on the climate. The plant produces abundant clusters of small, tubular flowers that last for several weeks, providing an early source of nectar for pollinators.
Flower Color:
The flowers of wild blue phlox are typically shades of pale to medium blue or lavender, with a slight pinkish hue in some varieties. The five-petaled flowers have a star-like shape and a pleasant fragrance that attracts pollinators.
Wild blue phlox is an excellent plant for attracting a variety of pollinators, including bees such as the Common Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) and butterflies like the Spring Azure (Celastrina ladon) and Fritillary species.
Its early blooming period provides important nectar sources for these insects, particularly in areas where few other plants are in bloom. Additionally, it serves as a host plant for several species of caterpillars, making it beneficial for the broader ecosystem.
Benefits of Florida Native Plants
Focusing your garden planning to the use of plants native to Florida has a long list of benefits.
Environmental Benefits: How Florida Native Plants Help the Planet
One of the main benefits using native plants offer is helping to support the local ecosystems.
Save Water with Florida Native Plants
Florida native plants are water-saving heroes, requiring up to 60% less irrigation compared to non-native species.
Their natural ability to thrive on rainfall alone helps you conserve water and reduce dependency on supplemental watering systems, making them ideal for eco-conscious gardeners.
Create a Wildlife Haven with Florida Native Plants
Native plants are essential for supporting Florida’s ecosystems. They provide food and shelter for pollinators, birds, and other wildlife, ensuring your garden becomes a sanctuary for biodiversity.
By planting natives, you help sustain local species that rely on these plants for survival.
Prevent Erosion with Soil-Stabilizing Native Plants
Native plants are champions of soil health. Their deep and fibrous root systems stabilize the soil, preventing erosion even in Florida’s sandy or flood-prone areas.
Over time, they improve soil structure, making your garden more resilient.
Reduce Fertilizer Use with Low-Maintenance Native Plants
Florida native plants evolved to thrive in local soils, meaning they rarely require fertilizers.
This reduces nutrient runoff into waterways, protecting Florida’s fragile aquatic ecosystems from harmful algae blooms.
Shrink Your Carbon Footprint with Florida Native Plants
Native plants lower your garden’s carbon footprint. Since they don’t require extensive irrigation, fertilizers, or chemical treatments, they use fewer resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with their care.
Practical Benefits: Why Florida Native Plants Are a Gardener’s Best Friend
Using Florida native plants is also a great way to reduce your workload in the garden. While we may love to garden, spending fewer hours outdoors in July and August can make it even more enjoyable.
Lower Maintenance, More Enjoyment
One of the biggest perks of Florida native plants is their low-maintenance nature. These plants are adapted to local conditions, so they need less watering, pruning, and pest control, freeing up your time to enjoy your garden rather than work in it.
Cut Costs with Florida Native Plants
By reducing water usage and eliminating the need for fertilizers and pesticides, Florida native plants can lower your gardening expenses.
Additionally, their long lifespan means you’ll spend less on replacements over time.
Fewer Pest Problems, More Garden Harmony
Florida native plants are naturally resistant to many local pests and diseases. This means fewer infestations and less need for chemical treatments, making your garden healthier and safer for wildlife and people alike.
Stand Strong Against Florida’s Weather
From hurricanes to droughts, Florida’s climate can be extreme. Native plants are built to endure these challenges, standing up to high winds, heavy rains, and prolonged dry periods.
Their natural resilience makes them a reliable choice for disaster-prone regions.
Long-Term Savings with Florida Native Plants
Over time, the cost savings from reduced water bills, fewer plant replacements, and minimal maintenance add up.
Florida native plants are not only an environmentally sound choice but also a financially savvy one for homeowners looking to create sustainable landscapes.
Perpetual spinach chard is a rare leafy vegetable that thrives in subtropical climates. With its rich heritage and impressive adaptability, this hardy plant is a must-have for gardeners residing in warmer zones 9 through 11.
Perpetual spinach chard, scientifically known as Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla var. cicla ‘Perpetual Spinach’, belongs to the beet family. It is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region, where it was cultivated for centuries. This versatile vegetable has a long history of culinary use, with its origins dating back to ancient Greek and Roman times.
Perpetual Spinach Chard Plant Details
Perpetual spinach chard features large, tender leaves that are glossy and dark green, similar to true spinach but with a slightly thicker texture. The leaves grow on sturdy, succulent stalks.
The plant has a biennial growth habit, although it is often cultivated as an annual in cooler climates. It typically reaches maturity within 55 to 60 days from sowing. When fully grown, this leafy vegetable forms a compact rosette of lush foliage, reaching a height of about 12 to 18 inches and spreading approximately 12 inches in width. Its compact size makes it an excellent choice for container gardening as well.
Where and When to Grow Perpetual Spinach
For gardeners residing in the U.S. perpetual spinach chard thrives in subtropical regions with warmer climates. Specifically, it performs exceptionally well in USDA Hardiness Zones 9 through 11. The milder winters and longer growing seasons found in these areas create the perfect conditions for this robust leafy green.
Optimal Growing Conditions for Perpetual Spinach Chard
For the best results and the most abundant harvest, keep the following factors in mind.
Temperature
Perpetual spinach chard thrives in moderate temperatures, preferring a range between 60°F and 80°F. However, it is very heat tolerant and will tolerate cold snaps down to 32°F. Growth will slow during extreme heat and cold.
Humidity
The plant prefers moderate humidity levels. While it can tolerate higher humidity, it is important to provide good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.
Sunlight
Perpetual spinach chard requires full sun to partial shade, with a minimum of 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. In hotter regions, providing some afternoon shade can help prevent wilting or scorching of the leaves. It’s suitable for shady patches of the garden in subtropical zones.
Soil Type
It thrives in well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. Amending the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting will help provide the necessary nutrients and improve soil structure.
Planting Times
Since perpetual chard acts as a perennial edible plant in subtropical zones, you can plant it nearly any time of year. However, avoid planting out during the hottest or coldest times.
For spring planting, start indoors up to 8 weeks before the last frost date and plant out once that date has passed.
In the summer or fall, start seeds indoors, and plant out once the plant has fully developed (about 8 weeks). For best cold resilience, sow and establish at least one month before the first frost date.
Starting Perpetual Spinach Chard Seeds
We recommend starting perpetual chard seeds in cell trays or soil blocks. This allows you to plant out a healthy, well-developed young plant that is more resistant to pests and disease.
Fill cell trays or soil blocks with a high-quality seed-starting mix, moistening it slightly before planting.
Sow the seeds about ¼ to ½ inch deep.
Place the trays or blocks in a warm location with temperatures around 70°F to 75°F.
Maintain consistent moisture by misting the soil surface or using a bottom-watering technique.
Germination typically occurs within 7 to 14 days.
Once the seedlings have developed their second set of true leaves, you can transplant them into the garden. However, we recommend planting out once the plant is 6” and has developed several sets of true leaves. This ensures it will better survive transplant shock or environmental pressures.
Transplanting Perpetual Spinach Chard
Once you have healthy young seedlings, you’ll want to transplant them into your garden or into a larger container.
Into Garden Beds:
Choose a well-prepared garden bed with loose, amended soil.
Dig holes that are slightly larger than the root ball of the seedling.
Gently remove the seedlings from the module cell or soil block tray, taking care not to damage the roots.
Place the seedlings into the holes and backfill with soil, firming it gently around the base of the plants.
Space the plants 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) apart to allow sufficient room for growth.
Water the newly transplanted seedlings thoroughly to help them establish.
Into Containers:
Select containers that are at least 6 to 8 inches deep to accommodate the root system.
Fill the containers with a well-draining potting mix, leaving about an inch of space below the rim.
Gently remove the seedlings from the cell trays or soil block trays, being careful not to disturb the roots.
Place the seedlings in the center of each container and fill in the remaining space with potting mix.
Water the containers thoroughly until excess water drains from the bottom.
Temp Tolerance for Perpetual Spinach
Perpetual chard may require some extra care when the weather is extreme.
Protect from Excessive Heat
High temperatures above 95°F can cause the leaves to wilt, scorch, and lose flavor. Providing shade or mulching can help protect the plants during extreme heat.
Protection from Cold
To protect perpetual chard from a deep cold snap, apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to insulate the roots and conserve moisture. Cover the plants with row covers or frost blankets during freezing temperatures.
Watering Schedule
During the winter and spring, water the plants deeply once or twice a week, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged.
During the summer and fall, water as needed to provide moisture if it doesn’t rain adequately.
Fertilizer Composition and Schedule
Prior to planting, incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil for nutrient enrichment.
During the growing season, apply a balanced organic fertilizer or a slow-release granular fertilizer according to the package instructions every 4 to 6 weeks.
Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, as it can promote leafy growth at the expense of root development. Opt for a balanced fertilizer instead.
Common Pests
Perpetual spinach chard may be subject to a few pests.
Aphids: Use a strong blast of water or insecticidal soap to control aphid infestations.
Slugs and Snails: We recommend Sluggo baits, which are very effective, very affordable, and certified OMRI for organic use.
Leaf Miners: Remove infested leaves and destroy them to reduce leaf miner populations.
Caterpillars: Handpick caterpillars or use organic insecticides labeled for vegetable use. We recommend products containing a naturally occurring bacteria called Bacillus thuringiensis (or bt for short), such as Thuricide.
Similar products that contain Spinosad are also organic and are affective against a wider range of pest insects, including aphids. Monterey’s Spinosad is an excellent choice.
Common Diseases
Downy Mildew: Ensure good air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and apply appropriate fungicides if necessary.
Leaf Spot: Remove affected leaves and practice good sanitation to prevent the spread of the disease.
For significant infections, we recommend applying an organic copper spray after removing the affected foliage.
Powdery Mildew: Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and apply fungicides labeled for powdery mildew control. Apply a mixture of 8 Tbs of household hydrogen peroxide (3%) mixed with one gallon of water with a sprayer every three days for a week or two for an inexpensive organic fungicide against powdery mildew.
Regularly monitor your plants for any signs of pests or diseases and take prompt action to prevent damage or spread.
Special Needs and Care for Perpetual Spinach Chard
Thinning: When sowing directly, think seedlings when they reach a height of about 2 to 3 inches to ensure proper spacing between plants. Remove the weaker seedlings, leaving the healthiest and strongest ones to grow. These plants grow best when spaced at around 12”.
Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the plants to help conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and regulate soil temperature.
Companion Plants for Perpetual Spinach
Perpetual spinach chard can benefit from companion planting, which involves growing compatible plants in close proximity to enhance growth, deter pests, and promote overall garden health. Here are some suitable companion plants for perpetual chard:
Herbs
Plant aromatic herbs like basil, dill, parsley, and cilantro near perpetual spinach chard to repel pests and attract beneficial insects.
Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums serve as sacrificial plants, attracting pests like aphids away from perpetual chard.
Harvesting Perpetual Spinach
Regularly harvest outer leaves when they reach a size of about 6 to 8 inches long. This will encourage continuous growth and prevent the plants from bolting.
If the plants start to bolt (produce flower stalks), it is best to remove them to maintain quality. Alternatively, you can allow them to flower for your bee population and to collect seeds once matured.
Perpetual chard can be harvested as soon as the outer leaves reach a desirable size. Here’s how to harvest:
Select the outer leaves, starting with the largest ones, leaving the smaller inner leaves to continue growing.
Use a sharp knife or scissors to cut the leaves off at the base, or you can gently twist and pull them from the stem.
Harvest regularly to encourage new leaf growth and a continuous harvest throughout the growing season.
Cooking with Perpetual Spinach
Perpetual spinach chard is a versatile leafy green that can be enjoyed in various culinary creations. Here are some cooking and meal ideas:
Fresh Salads
Use young and tender leaves as a nutritious base for salads. Mix with other greens, add your favorite toppings, and dress with a light vinaigrette.
Sautéed or Stir-Fried
Heat olive oil or butter in a pan, add chopped leaves, and sauté with garlic, onions, or other vegetables for a flavorful side dish. Stir-frying with soy sauce and sesame oil also creates a delicious Asian-inspired dish.
Quiches and Frittatas
Add cooked and chopped leaves to quiches, frittatas, or egg muffins for a nutrient-packed and flavorful meal.
Soups and Stews
Incorporate into soups, stews, or hearty winter dishes for added nutrition and a vibrant green color.
Wraps and Sandwiches
Use large perpetual spinach chard leaves as a substitute for tortillas or bread in wraps and sandwiches for a healthy and low-carb option.
Experiment with different recipes and cooking techniques to make the most of the versatile chard in your culinary endeavors. Enjoy the fresh and vibrant flavors it brings to your meals!
Your Subtropical Garden Needs Perpetual Spinach Chard
Perpetual chard is a versatile and visually appealing addition to subtropical gardens in the United States. Its origins in the Mediterranean region and its ability to flourish in warmer climates make it an ideal choice for gardeners in USDA Hardiness Zones 9 through 11.
Whether used as an ornamental plant or harvested as a nutritious leafy green, perpetual spinach chard offers gardeners a delightful and productive gardening experience.
You can purchase seeds for perpetual spinach chard from our website.
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions About Growing and Using Perpetual Spinach
Why is it called perpetual spinach?
Perpetual spinach got its name because it produces a continuous harvest of spinach-like leaves throughout the growing season.
What are some perpetual spinach chard benefits?
Perpetual chard is packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supports immune health, promotes digestion, and provides essential nutrients.
What is the difference between spinach and perpetual spinach?
It has thicker leaves and sturdier stalks compared to true spinach. It is much more heat tolerant and tends to have a longer growing season.
Does perpetual spinach taste like spinach?
Yes, it has a mild, slightly sweet taste similar to true spinach but with a heartier texture.
Can you eat perpetual spinach stalks?
Yes, the succulent stalks are edible and can be enjoyed in various culinary preparations.
Is perpetual spinach the same as chard?
Yes, perpetual spinach is a type of chard, specifically a variety that resembles and tastes like true spinach.
What is another name for perpetual spinach?
Another name for perpetual spinach is “leaf beet.”
What grows well with perpetual spinach?
It grows well with herbs like basil and dill, brassicas like broccoli, and beans.
How do you cook perpetual spinach?
You can cook it by sautéing, stir-frying, adding to soups or stews, or using it raw in salads and wraps.
How long will perpetual spinach last?
With regular harvesting and proper care, you’ll get a continuous harvest for several months. In subtropical regions with mild winters, it will easily last for a year or more.
What is perpetual spinach good for?
It’s good for adding nutrition to meals, supporting overall health, and providing a versatile leafy green option in climates that are too hot to grow traditional salad greens.
How do you maintain perpetual spinach?
Maintain the plant by ensuring consistent moisture, proper spacing, regular harvesting, and protecting from extreme temperatures.
Where do you cut perpetual spinach?
When harvesting, cut the outer leaves close to the base of the plant, leaving the inner leaves to continue growing.
What does perpetual spinach taste like?
It has a mild, slightly sweet taste with a hint of nuttiness.
Is perpetual spinach the same as New Zealand spinach?
No, perpetual spinach and New Zealand spinach are different plants, although they are both leafy greens commonly used as spinach alternatives.
If you’re a Florida gardener dreaming of growing your own tropical fruit paradise, look no further than the magnificent banana plant. With their lush foliage and delicious fruit, bananas can thrive in Florida’s subtropical climate. Let’s explore the best varieties suited for each zone, share valuable tips on growing conditions, soil requirements, and planting times, and find out more about how to grow bananas in Florida.
Ornamental vs. Edible Bananas
Before we delve into the specifics, it’s important to distinguish between ornamental and edible bananas. While both types offer stunning foliage, ornamental varieties produce inedible or barely edible fruit. To truly enjoy the flavor and sweetness of homegrown bananas, opt for edible varieties specifically bred for fruit production.
It’s important to note that while these ornamental varieties add visual interest to gardens, their fruit is either inedible or of very poor quality. Therefore, for those looking to grow bananas for their delicious fruit, it’s essential to select edible banana varieties specifically bred for fruit production.
Here are some varieties to avoid if you’re hoping for a harvest:
Musa ornata: Known for its vibrant pink inflorescence and attractive dark green leaves with red midribs, this ornamental banana adds a touch of tropical beauty to gardens.
Musa velutina: Also called the Pink Banana, this variety showcases stunning pink fruits and velvety pink bracts. It’s a favorite among collectors for its ornamental appeal.
Ensete ventricosum ‘Maurelii’: While technically a close relative of the banana, this ornamental variety, commonly known as the Red Abyssinian Banana, is primarily grown for its striking red foliage.
Musa sikkimensis ‘Red Tiger’: This ornamental banana boasts maroon-red leaves with prominent green stripes, creating a visually captivating display in gardens and landscapes.
Best Banana Varieties to Grow in Florida
Growing bananas successfully in Florida requires selecting suitable varieties for each USDA zone. Let’s explore some of the top banana types known to thrive in the Sunshine State:
North Florida / Zone 8:
‘Dwarf Cavendish’ (Musa acuminata): This compact variety grows well in containers, making it ideal for Zone 8 gardens. It produces tasty, medium-sized bananas with a pleasant flavor profile.
Central Florida / Zone 9:
Goldfinger Banana (FHIA-01): Resistant to Panama disease, this variety excels in Zone 9. Its creamy fruit has a sweet flavor reminiscent of dessert bananas.
Lady Finger Banana (Musa acuminata ‘Lady Finger‘): Thriving in Zone 9, these slender, aromatic bananas offer a delicate and sweet taste.
South Florida / Zone 10:
Mona Lisa Banana (FHIA-2): Perfect for Zone 10, this variety produces large bunches of sweet, aromatic bananas. It offers excellent disease resistance and handles Florida’s hot climate well.
Honey Banana (Musa johnsii): Well-suited for Zone 10, this unique banana variety features a honey-like flavor and attractive red-purple skin when ripe.
Choosing Banana Plants for Your Florida Garden
I don’t know about you, but when they’re small, all bananas pretty much look the same to me. It’s always a good idea to choose the variety carefully, so look for the label when you’re at your local nursery. If you don’t see one, ask someone. You really don’t want to end up with an ornamental type when you’re hoping to be making home-grown banana bread someday.
Dwarf Cavendish
‘Dwarf Cavendish’ (Musa acuminata) is a popular banana variety renowned for its compact size and delectable fruit. This cultivar typically reaches a height of around 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) at maturity, making it an excellent choice for smaller gardens or container cultivation.
The ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ features broad, lush green leaves that create a tropical ambiance wherever it grows. This variety takes approximately 2 to 3 years to reach maturity and begin flowering, producing pendulous clusters of creamy yellow fruit.
The fruit of the ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ is medium-sized, with a smooth, thin skin that turns yellow when ripe. Its flavor is delightfully sweet, often described as having a subtle and creamy banana taste with hints of tropical notes.
When fully ripened, the ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ offers a luscious and satisfying eating experience, making it a favorite choice for banana enthusiasts.
Goldfinger
The Goldfinger Banana (FHIA-01) is a remarkable banana variety known for its resistance to several diseases, making it an excellent choice for growers. This hybrid cultivar combines the genetics of the wild banana (Musa balbisiana) and the Dwarf Cavendish (Musa acuminata).
At maturity, the Goldfinger Banana typically reaches a height of 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3 meters) with a spread of about 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters). It exhibits sturdy and upright growth habits, producing large, attractive leaves with green foliage. The Goldfinger Banana matures in approximately 9 to 12 months and starts flowering when it reaches about 7 feet (2.1 meters) in height.
The fruit it bears is elongated and has a vibrant yellow skin when fully ripe. The flavor profile of the Goldfinger Banana is exquisite, with a rich and sweet taste complemented by hints of tropical flavors.
Its firm and creamy texture enhances the overall culinary experience, making it a highly desirable choice for both fresh consumption and culinary uses.
Lady Finger
The Lady Finger Banana (Musa acuminata ‘Lady Finger‘) is a distinguished banana variety appreciated for its petite size and delectable fruit. Also known as “Sucrier” or “Sugar Banana,” this cultivar is treasured for its sweetness and fine texture.
The Lady Finger Banana typically grows to a height of 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) at maturity, with a spread of approximately 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 meters). It displays an upright growth habit, producing slender leaves that add an elegant touch to any garden. This variety takes around 12 to 16 months to reach maturity and begin flowering.
The fruit of the Lady Finger Banana is small and cylindrical, with a thin golden-yellow skin when fully ripe. Its flesh is creamy and tender, offering a delectable balance of sweetness and subtle tanginess.
The Lady Finger Banana is often praised for its dessert-like flavor, reminiscent of vanilla and honey. Its petite size and exceptional taste make it a favorite choice for enjoying fresh or incorporating into various culinary creations.
Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa Banana (FHIA-2) is a captivating banana variety that stands out for its exceptional flavor and ornamental features. This hybrid cultivar, bred from the Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research (FHIA), offers both aesthetic appeal and delectable fruit.
The Mona Lisa Banana grows to a height of about 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.6 meters) at maturity, with a spread of approximately 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 meters). It showcases large, lush green leaves that create a tropical ambiance in any garden. This variety typically takes around 12 to 14 months to reach maturity and start flowering.
The fruit of the Mona Lisa Banana is medium-sized, with a slightly curved shape and a vibrant yellow color when ripe. Its flavor profile is highly regarded, characterized by a rich, sweet taste with hints of caramel and hints of citrus. The fruit’s creamy texture further enhances the eating experience.
The Mona Lisa Banana excels as a dessert banana due to its delectable flavor and also adds an aesthetic appeal to landscapes and gardens with its lush foliage and graceful presence.
Honey Bananas
Honey Banana (Musa johnsii) is a unique and lesser-known banana variety that offers a delightful taste and distinctive characteristics. This species is highly regarded for its exceptional sweetness, earning its name “Honey Banana.”
The Honey Banana plant reaches a height of about 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) at maturity, with a spread of around 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 meters). It displays a compact growth habit, making it suitable for smaller gardens or container cultivation. The time it takes for Honey Bananas to reach maturity and start flowering is approximately 12 to 14 months.
The fruit of the Honey Banana is medium-sized with a slender shape and a bright yellow skin when fully ripe. Its flavor is the highlight, characterized by an intense sweetness reminiscent of honey, along with subtle floral notes. The Honey Banana’s velvety smooth texture adds to the overall eating experience.
While not as widely known as some other banana varieties, the Honey Banana surprises with its unique flavor profile, making it a delightful choice for those seeking a distinct and sweet tropical treat.
Blue Java
The Blue Java banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana ‘Blue Java’) is a fascinating and sought-after banana variety, renowned for its unusual blue-green coloration and distinctive flavor. This cultivar, often referred to as the “Ice Cream Banana,” offers a unique combination of visual appeal and delectable taste.
The Blue Java banana plant reaches a height of 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meters) at maturity, with a spread of approximately 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters). It displays a robust growth habit, with large, sturdy leaves that create a lush tropical atmosphere. The time it takes for the Blue Java banana to grow to maturity and start flowering is typically around 12 to 20 months.
The fruit of the Blue Java banana is medium-sized, with a thick, pale blue-green skin when fully ripe. Its flavor is what sets it apart, often described as resembling vanilla ice cream or custard. The flesh is creamy and velvety, offering a rich and sweet taste with subtle hints of vanilla.
The Blue Java banana’s unique flavor profile, combined with its visually stunning appearance, makes it a highly sought-after variety among banana enthusiasts and a true delight for those seeking a tropical treat with a twist.
Plantains vs. Bananas
Plantains, often confused with bananas, are a versatile staple in tropical cuisine. While they resemble bananas, plantains require different cooking methods due to their starchier texture. Plantains are often cooked before consumption and used in various savory dishes.
Best Plantain Bananas to Grow in Florida
To enjoy the goodness of plantains in your Florida garden, consider these top varieties:
Platano Burro
Well-adapted to Florida’s climate, this plantain variety offers large, starchy fruit with a mildly sweet flavor.
Platano Burro (Musa paradisiaca), also known as the “Burro Banana” or “Horse Banana,” is a popular plantain variety valued for its versatility and distinct flavor. Unlike sweet bananas, the Platano Burro is primarily used for cooking due to its starchy nature.
This plantain cultivar grows to a height of 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 meters) at maturity, with a spread of approximately 10 to 15 feet (3 to 4.5 meters). It displays large, broad leaves that provide a tropical ambiance to the landscape. The time it takes for the Platano Burro to reach maturity and start flowering is typically around 12 to 16 months.
The fruit of the Platano Burro is larger and more angular compared to sweet bananas, with a thick green skin that turns yellow-black as it ripens. When cooked, the fruit takes on a soft and creamy texture, perfect for making delicious dishes such as plantain chips, mashed plantains, or plantain fritters.
The flavor profile of the Platano Burro is unique, offering a mild, slightly sweet taste with subtle hints of tanginess. Its versatility in various culinary applications, combined with its hearty and flavorful nature, makes the Platano Burro a favored choice among those seeking to explore the world of plantain-based cuisine.
Saba
Thriving in Florida’s warm climate, Saba plantains produce large, starchy fruit perfect for cooking and frying.
The Saba Plantain (Musa acuminata × balbisiana ‘Saba’) is a popular and robust plantain variety cherished for its versatility in both cooking and baking. This hybrid cultivar, known for its large size and starchy texture, is highly valued in tropical cuisines.
The Saba Plantain grows into a sizeable plant, reaching heights of 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 meters) at maturity, with a spread of approximately 10 to 15 feet (3 to 4.5 meters). It showcases broad leaves that create a lush and tropical atmosphere in the garden. The time it takes for the Saba Plantain to mature and start flowering typically ranges from 10 to 14 months.
The fruit of the Saba Plantain is elongated and thick-skinned, transitioning from green to yellow-black as it ripens. Unlike dessert bananas, the Saba Plantain is not typically consumed raw due to its starchy nature. When cooked, however, it transforms into a delectable treat. The flavor profile of the Saba Plantain is characterized by a mildly sweet taste and a dense, creamy texture.
Its versatility makes it ideal for a wide range of culinary creations, from savory plantain chips and stews to delectable plantain bread or cakes. The Saba Plantain’s substantial size, adaptability, and hearty flavor make it a staple ingredient in many tropical cuisines and a favorite among plantain enthusiasts.
How to Grow the Best Tasting Bananas
To ensure your banana plants thrive, it’s essential to understand the environmental factors that influence their growth:
Temperatures
Bananas thrive in consistently warm to hot conditions. The optimal temperatures are between 78°F to 82°F, although they fruit best at 84°F to 86°F.
When temperatures drop below 60°F, the growth of banana plants slows down, and it completely stops at 50°F. So, you won’t see much progress on your bananas during the winter.
Unfortunately, cooler winter days can really stunt the growth of your banana fruits when temperatures are between 32°F and 50°F.
The plants themselves can become damaged when temperatures drop below freezing for many hours. Signs of freeze damage include the death of leaves and browning of the trunk and fruit.
Temps below 28°F (-2°C) may even kill the plants, but they usually regrow from the underground rhizome once warm weather returns.
On the other hand, excessively high temperatures at or above 98°F (37°C) can lead to leaf scorch, and newly emerging leaves may appear very narrow. This is why you may want to consider planting your bananas in some dappled shade if you’re in South Florida.
Sun and Wind Exposure
Wind can damage banana leaves, so consider planting in a sheltered location or using windbreaks. This may also provide some protection from summer scorching.
Bananas thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially during the hottest part of the day.
Drought and Flooding: While bananas prefer consistent moisture, they can tolerate short periods of drought. Avoid waterlogged conditions.
Grow Bananas in Florida Soil
Bananas thrive in well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Sandy loam soils are ideal, but heavy clay soils can be amended with organic matter to improve drainage. Add compost or well-rotted manure to enhance soil fertility.
Bananas are sensitive to high salt levels in the soil. Choose well-draining soils with low salinity.
When to Grow Bananas in Florida
The ideal time to plant bananas in Florida varies by zone:
Zone 8: Plant bananas in early spring after the threat of frost has passed.
Zone 9: Plant in late winter or early spring.
Zone 10: Plant year-round, avoiding the hottest months of summer.
Circle the Bananas
Banana circles, also known as banana pits or banana circles, have gained popularity among permaculture enthusiasts as an innovative and sustainable way to grow bananas.
This method draws inspiration from traditional agricultural practices found in various cultures around the world. While the exact origins of banana circles are difficult to trace, their use can be seen in regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America, where bananas have been cultivated for centuries.
The concept behind banana circles revolves around creating a self-sustaining ecosystem that mimics the natural conditions in which bananas thrive. It involves digging a circular pit in the ground and gradually building up layers of organic matter within it. The organic materials used can include kitchen scraps, compost, mulch, leaves, straw, animal manure, and any other biodegradable waste readily available. As these materials decompose, they release nutrients into the soil, creating a fertile environment for banana plants.
Banana circles offer several advantages for banana cultivation. Firstly, the circular shape provides an efficient use of space, allowing multiple banana plants to be grown in a compact area. This is especially beneficial for home gardeners with limited space.
Additionally, the layers of organic matter create a moisture-retaining and nutrient-rich environment, reducing the need for frequent watering and fertilization. The organic matter also acts as a mulch, helping to suppress weeds and maintain soil moisture levels.
Banana circles are a holistic way to grow bananas in Florida and they utilize natural processes and recycle organic waste. They promote soil health, conserve water, and encourage biodiversity by creating microhabitats that attract beneficial insects and microorganisms.
Banana circles contribute to the overall resilience of the garden ecosystem, as the decomposing organic matter feeds not only the banana plants but also neighboring plants and soil organisms.
These circles not only provide an abundant harvest of bananas but also provide a lightly shaded understory for growing more sun-sensitive plants in rich and fertile soil.
Planting a Banana Circle
Creating a banana circle, as practiced in permaculture, can optimize growth and provide a sustainable environment for your banana plants. Follow these simple steps to create a banana circle:
Choose a sunny or partially shaded location that is somewhat sheltered from harsh or excess wings.
Dig a circular trench approximately 1-3 feet deep and 3 feet wide.
Place organic matter, such as leaves or compost, kitchen scraps, composted manure, etc. in the bottom of the trench.
Plant your banana pups around the inner edge of the circle, leaving space for growth.
Backfill the trench with soil and water thoroughly.
Mulch the area around the circle to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Care Tips for the Best Tasting Banana
To ensure healthy and fruitful banana plants, follow these care tips:
Feeding Your Bananas
Fertilizing bananas is essential for promoting healthy growth and maximizing fruit production. The timing and nutrient requirements may vary based on the growth stage and the specific USDA growing zone in Florida. In general, it is recommended to fertilize bananas during the active growing season, which typically spans from spring to early fall.
USDA Zone 8
For USDA Zone 8, it is advisable to apply fertilizer in early spring, around March or April, to provide the necessary nutrients for robust growth. Repeat the application every six to eight weeks until early fall.
USDA Zone 9
In USDA Zone 9, where the growing season is longer, you can begin fertilizing in late winter or early spring, around February or March. Continue fertilization every six to eight weeks throughout the growing season.
USDA Zone 10
In USDA Zone 10, with its year-round warm climate, bananas benefit from regular fertilization. Begin fertilizing in early spring and continue every six to eight weeks, maintaining a consistent nutrient supply.
The Macros and Micros
When it comes to nutrient requirements, bananas have specific needs to thrive. The primary macronutrients required are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The recommended NPK formula for edible bananas is generally around 3-1-6 or 2-1-6. This means that the fertilizer should have a higher potassium content compared to nitrogen and phosphorus. This balanced ratio helps promote healthy foliage growth, sturdy stems, and enhanced fruit development.
In addition to the macronutrients, bananas also require various micronutrients for optimal growth. Some essential micronutrients for bananas include magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B). These micronutrients play crucial roles in enzyme activation, chlorophyll production, and overall plant health. It is recommended to use a fertilizer that includes these micronutrients in its formulation or supplement with micronutrient-specific products as needed.
Organic Fertilizer for Bananas
For those preferring organic alternatives to commercial fertilizers, several options are available. Organic materials such as compost, well-rotted manure, and worm castings can provide a rich source of nutrients for bananas. Additionally, organic fertilizers made from natural sources like fish emulsion, seaweed extracts, and bone meal can be effective in meeting the nutritional needs of banana plants. These organic alternatives offer sustainable options while nourishing the soil and supporting healthy growth.
Irrigation for Bananas
Bananas require consistent moisture. Provide regular deep watering to keep the soil evenly moist.
Mulching helps suppress weeds and conserve moisture. Use chop and drop when trimming browned leaves. They will break down in the soil and provide nutrients while helping to retain moisture in the soil until they do.
It’s especially important to provide water throughout the winter and spring in Central and South Florida. Once you pass your last freeze date, you’ll need to water your bananas regularly until the rainy season begins.
How to Harvest Your Banana Crop
Bananas typically take around 9-15 months to mature, depending on the variety. Once the flower has produced as much fruit as it will, the bananas will begin to grow larger and become plump.
At this point, you can cut off the remaining flower if you like. I haven’t noticed any difference between leaving them on or cutting them off. Many people enjoy eating banana flowers in regional dishes, but I normally cut them down to prevent stressing the pseudostem. I drop them into the middle of the circle to compost.
Once they reach their mature size, the top bananas on the stalk will begin to turn yellow. That’s when it’s time to harvest.
You can harvest each hand of bananas individually as they become ripe, if you choose. Cut them from the stalk with a sharp knife.
Alternatively, you can harvest the whole stalk by cutting it about 10-12″ above the top hand of bananas. You can hang them up in a utility room or garage to finish ripening.
Note that the bananas will begin to fall off the stem as they ripen, so you’ll want to make sure you harvest them regularly so you don’t end up with a pile of rotten bananas under the stalk.
The Tragedy of Bananas
Once a banana plants fruits, it will die off. So, you won’t get any more bananas from the same plant once it has. However, you will get new banana plants growing from the rhizomes below.
Many times, you’ll see several pop up before the plant even blooms, which is reassuring when you realize that the plant will die after fruiting.
I’ve noticed that Dwarf Cavendish will definitely throw out two or three pups before blooming. I have a few other varieties that I’ve forgotten the names of that don’t send up pups as prolifically.
Sometimes you’ll get more pups from the rhizome, even though the mother plant appears to be completely dead. If you’re using the banana circle method, allow the “tree” to brown and dry out completely. Once it is completely dead, you can just push it over and allow it to gently decompose within the circle.
Time to Grow Bananas in Florida
By now, you’re equipped with the knowledge you need to grow bananas in your Florida garden. Take advantage of the summer rainy season to get your own mini-plantation going this summer.
Roll up your sleeves, get your hands dirty, and embrace the joy of growing bananas in Florida. Start your journey towards self-sustainability and enjoy the delectable flavors of homegrown tropical fruits right in your own backyard. Happy gardening!
I have to admit it — I have an embarrassingly gullible sweet tooth. Always have had. So, when I first discovered sweet potatoes as a kid, I was hooked. A vegetable that tastes like dessert — it doesn’t get any better than that. I still have a sweet tooth, and when I discovered I could grow sweet potatoes in Florida year-round, I became doubly hooked.
In fact, the ability to grow sweet potatoes, bananas, and pineapples in my backyard is probably the reason I still live in Florida. In the face of increasing heat and some increasingly scary weather. In the face of skyrocketing housing and insurance costs. In the face of the — let’s admit it — pretty awful and kind of unfair reputation we residents of the state have amongst the rest of the world.
But I get sweet potatoes and bananas and pineapples (sometimes) out of my sandy dirt, and that makes it all worth it.
Sweet potatoes are not only delicious but incredibly nutritious. They’re one of the few familiar and beloved staple foods we can grow in abundance in subtropical regions like Florida.
One of the reasons I blog about the plants I grow (and those I just want to grow) is to remind myself of all the details and shortcuts I’ve discovered over the years. It helps me to remember when I share on my blog, and so many (too many!) times I simply forget that I need to plant things a certain way by a certain time.
So, I’m going to cover what I know about sweet potatoes here. Although you can grow sweet potatoes in Florida at any time of year, the summer months are really the last chance you’ll have to plant them in time for those sweet-potato-eating holidays we all know and love around the end of the calendar year.
So, let’s get started…
Sweet Potatoes Have a Backstory
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are native to Central and South America. They’re most closely related to morning glories, not white potatoes.
Morning glories and moonflowers (both Ipomea species) are native to Florida, so our state is a prime candidate for sweet potato production.
I remember reading that, many years ago, Florida farmers grew Irish (white) potatoes from January to April, then sweet potatoes from May to November. It was one of the state’s most profitable crops.
(Why or how we bothered to go into the orange juice business is a mystery to me.)
Sweet potatoes have a sprawling growth habit that covers lots of ground and produces cute little pinkish-purple flowers that resemble those of their cousins, the morning glory. Most importantly, they produce delicious edible tubers.
History and Spread of Sweet Potatoes:
Sweet potatoes have a rich history dating at least 5,000 years. They were first domesticated in Central or South America, and eventually even ended up in Polynesia (archeologists are still trying to figure out how, although “boat” is the KISS answer to that one.)
When you have something as awesome as sweet potatoes, word gets around. Soon, anywhere on the planet with a long enough warm season to grow them was producing their own crops.
Over time, sweet potatoes became a valuable crop, adapting to different growing conditions and evolving into numerous cultivated varieties.
Sweet Potato Varieties for Florida
There are several popular cultivars of sweet potatoes grown for food in the United States. Here are some noteworthy varieties:
Beauregard
Beauregard sweet potatoes have a vining growth habit, producing long and sprawling vines that can spread across the garden. They require ample space to grow and are often trained along trellises or allowed to spread on the ground.
They’re relatively easy to grow, making them a popular choice among home gardeners and farmers. They also have good resistance to pests and diseases, and their vigorous vines provide good ground cover, suppressing weed growth and protecting the soil from excess sun and heat.
Beauregard sweet potatoes were developed at Louisiana State University and released in 1987. Since then, they’ve become one of the most widely grown sweet potato cultivars.
Beauregard sweet potatoes have a reddish-brown skin and a bright orange flesh. The skin is relatively smooth and easy to peel, while the flesh is firm and moist.
Beauregard sweet potatoes are smooth and creamy when cooked. Not too dry and not too moist, they’re pretty versatile in the kitchen.
They have a sweet and nutty flavor with hints of honey and caramel. They are known for their pleasing taste, and their flavor intensifies when cooked. They’re sweet, but not TOO sweet, with a well-rounded flavor.
Centennial
Centennial sweet potatoes have a vining growth habit similar to Beauregard. They produce long, sprawling vines that require ample space to grow and spread. You can trellis them or allow them to spread on the ground.
They’re relatively easy to grow and are well-suited to the Florida climate. They have good resistance to pests and diseases and can thrive with proper care.
Centennial sweet potatoes were also developed at Louisiana State University and released in 1967. They have a light coppery skin color with a pale orange flesh. The skin is smooth and thin, making it easy to handle.
Centennial sweet potatoes are creamy and moister than Beauregards. They has a smooth, velvety texture when cooked and they’re not overly fibrous.
They have a mildly sweet flavor with a subtle nuttiness. They are not overly sugary and have a pleasant balance between sweetness and earthiness.
Vardaman
Vardaman sweet potatoes are a bush variety, meaning they have compact growth and shorter vines. They don’t require as much space as vining varieties. If you’re growing in a small garden or in containers, they’re your best choice.
They’re generally easy to grow and suitable for the Florida climate. They have good resistance to pests and diseases, making them a reliable choice for gardeners.
Vardaman sweet potatoes were developed at the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and were released in 1982.
These tubers have a reddish-brown skin color with a light yellow flesh that darkens once removed from the soil. The skin is slightly rough and may have shallow indentations.
Vardaman sweet potatoes are moderately firm and moist. They have a smooth texture when cooked but may have a slightly drier consistency compared to some other sweet potato cultivars.
Vardaman sweet potatoes have a rich, sweet flavor with hints of honey and caramel. They are known for their intense sweetness, making them a favorite among those who prefer sweeter varieties. The flavor is often described as luscious and candy-like, perfect for indulgent holiday meals.
All three cultivars thrive in Florida’s climate, and all three offer different flavors and textures. All three are listed on the UF/IFAS University of Florida Gardening Solutions website as the best sweet potato varieties for Florida gardeners.
Some other varieties to experiment with include:
Georgia Jet
Reddish-orange skin and sweet, moist flesh. It matures relatively quickly and is well-suited for shorter growing seasons. Good disease resistance and adaptability.
Murasaki
Striking purple skin and creamy white flesh, they offer a slightly drier texture and a unique, nutty flavor. This variety originates from Japan and has gained popularity for its vibrant color and distinctive taste.
Bonita
Tan skin and light-colored flesh, they have a smooth texture and mild nutty flavor. This newer variety is gaining attention for its versatility in both savory and sweet dishes.
Growing Sweet Potato Slips
Sweet potato slips are the young shoots that are grown from a mature sweet potato. These slips can be transplanted into the garden or containers to grow into full-sized sweet potato plants.
Many gardening gurus and ag experts will tell you to purchase certified, disease-free sweet potato slips to plant in your garden. That’s always a safe bet, but the last couple of years have shown us that you can’t always get what you want – sometimes, you can’t even order it online.
If you can’t find them for sale (or choose not to buy them), it’s really easy to grow your own sweet potato slips. The only real disadvantage is that it takes quite a long time. It has often taken me up to two months to get slips, which means that if you haven’t started early enough and decide to buy the, it’s likely there won’t be any for sale left anyway.
Growing Your Own Slips
If you want to try growing your own slips, here are two methods used:
Water glass method for growing sweet potato slips
The water glass method involves suspending the sweet potato in water to encourage the growth of slips. Here’s how you can do it:
Select a healthy, medium-sized sweet potato. Ensure that it is free from blemishes or rot.
Place the sweet potato horizontally in a glass jar or container, partially submerged in water. Use toothpicks or skewers inserted into the sides of the sweet potato to hold it in place, ensuring that the bottom end is submerged.
Place the jar or container in a warm location that receives ample sunlight. A windowsill or a sunny spot indoors is ideal.
Change the water every few days to prevent stagnation and maintain cleanliness.
After a couple of weeks, small sprouts known as slips will begin to emerge from the sweet potato. Allow them to grow to a height of 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm).
Carefully remove the slips from the sweet potato, gently twisting them to detach them from the parent tuber.
Place the slips in a small cup of water for a few days to encourage root growth.
Once the roots have developed, the slips are ready for transplanting into well-prepared soil in the garden or containers.
Potting Soil Method for growing sweet potato slips
The potting soil method involves directly planting the sweet potato in a container with potting soil to encourage slip growth. Here’s how you can do it:
Fill a shallow container or pot with well-draining potting soil about halfway.
Lay your sweet potatoes on their sides and cover it the rest of the way with potting mix.
Place the container in a warm location that receives ample sunlight, such as a sunny windowsill or a greenhouse.
Keep the soil slightly moist but not waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
After a few weeks, slips will start emerging from the sweet potato and grow above the soil surface.
Allow the slips to reach a length of 10 to 12 inches before gently detaching them from the sweet potato.
Carefully remove the slips from the soil, ensuring that you don’t damage their delicate roots.
Transplant the slips into individual pots or directly into well-prepared garden soil.
Both of these methods work. I prefer the potting soil method because I believe you get better root growth in soil than when propagating in water.
However, you should choose whichever method that suits you and your available resources best.
Grow Sweet Potatoes in the Florida Garden
Sweet potatoes are a long-season plant and take some months to mature. Depending on the variety, they can take from 90 to 120 days to form adequate tubers.
Sweet potatoes need a warm climate with temperatures between 75-95°F. They require well-draining soil, full sun, and moderate humidity.
Zone 8: In Zone 8 of Florida, plant sweet potatoes from mid-April to late May.
Zone 9: In Zone 9, the recommended planting time is from early March to mid-May.
Zone 10: Gardeners in Zone 10 can plant sweet potatoes from late February to early June.
These planting schedules reflect timing that lets you harvest mature tubers before any chance of freeze in December. However, note that in many parts of Central Florida and all parts of South Florida, you can plant sweet potatoes at any time of year. You may just not be able to harvest them before a freeze.
In Zones 9 and 10, sweet potatoes are frequently perennial and will simply bounce back from any freeze, even if the foliage dies off.
Even during the three nights of freeze and one night of near-freeze last December 2022, none of my sweet potatoes died back at all.
Plot Preparation for Sweet Potatoes:
Sweet potatoes prefer plenty of space to grow. Clear the area of any weeds or vegetation.
You may need to loosen the soil to a depth of 8-10 inches, if it’s badly compacted. You can take the opportunity to add compost and any other soil amendments.
If you are planning well ahead, you can also prepare your plot with the Back to Eden method or use the No-Dig prep method by covering your future potato patch with cardboard and a thick layer of compost or mulch.
Water the area down well and regularly, and you should be able to plant into it in about 4 to 5 months.
Best Growing Conditions for Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoes aren’t picky, but you’ll want to give them good growing conditions for optimum yield.
Soil
Sweet potatoes thrive in loose, sandy soil rich in organic matter. Aim for a pH range of 5.8-6.2 for optimal nutrient availability.
Light
Provide full sun exposure to ensure vigorous growth and maximum tuber development.
Temperatures
Sweet potatoes prefer warm temperatures between 75-95°F (24-35°C). They are sensitive to frost, so wait until your last frost date to get them started in the ground. Mature plants are more hardy than newly planted slips.
Water
Sweet potato slips should be well watered when first planted in the ground. If you’re planting before the beginning of the rainy season in June (and most people do), you may need to water every day until they are well established and beginning to vine over the beds.
Afterward, provide consistent moisture. You may need to water two or three times a week if it doesn’t rain.
Planting Sweet Potato Slips:
Dig a small hole for your sweet potato slips 12-18 inches apart. You can plant in grids or in rows, as best fits your garden space.
If you haven’t amended the soil, you may want to dig in a little Espoma BioTone to help your plants get established and strong.
Bury the slips halfway into the soil, leaving the top half exposed.
Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil.
Caring for Sweet Potato Plants
Care after planting out is pretty straightforward.
Mulching
Applying a layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, will help to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain an even soil temperature.
Fertilization
Sweet potatoes benefit from regular feeding. Use a balanced fertilizer or organic amendments rich in phosphorus and potassium.
Pruning
Prune back any excess vines or suckers to focus energy on tuber development. They will try to crawl away and root down the length of the vine, which reduces the yield of tubers.
I recall one very experienced Florida gardener of my acquaintance said never to let them root more than three nodes from the planting spot.
Well, I think that’s what she said.
Besides, you can also prune them back and eat the greens if you like. (I compost them or feed them to my bunnies, which is really the same thing when I think about it.)
Pest and Disease Control
Monitor for pests like sweet potato weevils and aphids. Sweet potato flea beetles can eat up the leaves. Employ organic pest control methods when necessary. Cypress and eucalyptus mulch can deter weevils. And nasturtiums make a good trap crop for aphids.
Tips for Increasing Yields on Sweet Potatoes
Provide adequate spacing between plants for good airflow and tuber expansion.
Prune back excess vine growth.
Improve soil with organic matter and appropriate fertilizers.
Ensure consistent moisture throughout the growing season.
Harvesting Sweet Potatoes
You can begin to harvest your sweet potatoes when the vines start to yellow and die back, typically around 90-120 days after planting.
Gently loosen the soil around the base of the plant and carefully lift the tubers using a garden fork or spade.
Handle sweet potatoes with care to avoid bruising or cutting the tubers.
Do not wash your sweet potatoes. You’ll want to cure them first, and then wash them when you’re ready to eat them. You can vigorously brush off any dirt if you like, but be careful of cutting or scraping away the skin.
Curing Sweet Potatoes:
Curing sweet potatoes after harvest improves their flavor, texture, and storage life. What you want is for them to cure in a warm, humid area for about a week or even two.
You can cure sweet potatoes outdoors by laying them in a single layer on the ground, preferably on a dry, warm surface, for 4-7 days. However, you’ll want to gather them up or cover them up if it rains.
You can also place sweet potatoes in a warm, well-ventilated space, such as a basement or garage, with a temperature of 85-90°F (29-32°C) and 85-90% humidity for 4-7 days. You can use a small room or closet with a space heater and a humidifier.
I’ve cured mine at lower temperatures for about two weeks at 76°F to 78°F with good results. I packed them loosely in a crate, padded with crumpled paper to keep them from touching.
And They’re Good For You, To Boot
The nutritional breakdown of sweet potatoes is pretty impressive for something that tastes so good. A 1-cup serving of cooked sweet potatoes contains approximately:
Calories: 180
Carbohydrates: 41 grams
Fiber: 6 grams
Protein: 4 grams
Fat: 0 grams
Vitamin A: 769% of the daily recommended intake (DRI)
Vitamin C: 65% of the DRI
Potassium: 18% of the DRI
Calcium: 4% of the DRI
Iron: 6% of the DRI
If you’re serious about growing your own food in Florida and aren’t sure where to start, sweet potatoes offer an answer. Not only are they very well suited to the climate, but they’ll also grow through the summer here when precious little else does.
Whether you’re growing them as a staple source of calories or because you have a sweet tooth like I do, they’re definitely worth trying.
One of the reasons we can grow year-round in Florida is because most of the state sits on the border of temperate and tropical climates. So, it doesn’t take much to push the edges of your growing season. In fact, you can often push them right into the next season. It gives us more leeway to take advantage of Florida garden microclimates that can make all the difference between winter and spring.
Florida does get too cold to garden. We found that out over Christmas 2022, when temperatures reached below or near freezing for four nights in a row throughout the state.
It also gets too dang hot in the summer for most garden vegetables. And if it’s not technically too hot, it’s too humid or just too rainy.
The good news is that there are specific steps you can take to both identify and create specialized microclimates in your garden that will improve your results.
Identifying Your Own Florida Garden Microclimates
When you think about garden design, you may think of the grand landscape gardens of England or the highly restrained gardens in the Western U.S. Both design approaches create a serene and inviting garden space.
However, it’s hard to find many examples of the best way to design a garden for food production or self-sufficiency. Of course, you could take a permaculture course or hire a consultant.
I personally would love to try out David the Good’s Grocery Row Gardening system, but honestly, I just don’t have the room. My growing space has already been designed in a circular pattern, and there’s no way to put up rows of anything without tearing out a lot of already established plantings.
However, if you don’t have the time or patience — at least right now — for a full-scale re-engineering of your property, you’re probably just looking for a few ideas for a new setup or ways to tweak your current layout.
The first step is identifying the microclimates that already exist on your property and making the most of them by choosing the right plants for them.
Bananas can help create microclimates in a Florida Garden
Finding the Hot Spots
Finding a sunny spot in a Florida garden isn’t really a difficult task, usually. However, sometimes you want warmth without actually having more sun. For example, during the winter, shade-loving plants need protection from any cold snap without getting burned (ask my coffee plants, and they’ll tell you).
Heat-Loving Edible Plants for Florida
Florida gardeners plant a wide variety of heat-loving plants. But there’s a catch. Only the most heat-tolerant of these will survive our summer conditions. Many won’t make it past May or June unless they are already well-established and already in fruit.
That said, finding the warm pockets of your garden is important when you want to take advantage of our mild spring and long autumn conditions.
Some of the most common heat-loving plants we grow include:
Peppers
Tomatoes
Cucumbers
Eggplant
Melon
Squash
Once you find those warmer microclimates, you can plant out these vegetables in late February or grow them through November and even December. Sometimes, you can grow peppers and tomatoes year-round in Florida.
Identifying Warm Microclimates
First and most obvious, look for the areas of your garden that get the most sun or the longest length of sun. It sometimes pays to spend a day off checking for the patterns of light and shade throughout the day.
You’ll also have to repeat this fact-finding mission several times a year as the angle of the sun changes. However, once you spend a year’s worth of seasons taking notes every month or three, you won’t have to repeat this unless there are drastic changes in the environment.
Other things to look for when determining your garden microclimates are:
Look for areas around your home or shed. Most cement-block houses, ubiquitous in Florida, absorb heat throughout the day and can provide a pocket of warmth throughout the night. Even the light-colored ones. I have to move everything away from the south-facing walls during the summer, or even the peppers and tomatoes fry by 4 pm.
Areas under trees and tall bushes often hold in heat and can create a warm microclimate of their own. While this may not be a great place for sun-loving plants, it’s usually superior for those shade-loving plants (i.e. coffee plants). It’s also a great place to move container plants during a cold snap for temporary protection.
Find the low-lying areas of your garden space. They’re less exposed to the wind and tend to retain heat better.
Look for dark, dense soils, as they retain both water and heat better than sandy soils. You may not have any to work with but do check to be sure.
Looking for Moisture Retention
Florida is known for its marshes and wetlands. This means we have some beautiful native plant species specially adapted to damp conditions. I’m currently cultivating scarlet mallow and looking forward to sharing these beautiful native hibiscus-type blooms with customers in a couple of months.
Moisture Loving Edible Plants for Florida
Edible plants that we commonly grow in Florida that prefer damp feet include:
Cabbages
Cauliflower
Snow and Snap peas
Arugula
Taro root
And most ironically, except for Taro, most of these are winter plants, which are the driest month of the year in Florida. While it’s far more pleasant to spend time outdoors with a garden hose when it’s 70°F rather than 95°F, it does become time-consuming and expensive. Not to mention the drain on the fresh water supply.
To save on watering costs, look for the areas of your garden space that provides the best water retention. Some things to look for are:
Areas with some mid-day shade
Low-lying areas where rainwater accumulates
Places near bushes or hedges
Heavier soils with some clay content
North-facing areas where less sunlight results in less evaporation
Other thirsty vegetables you might want to grow in low-lying areas that also offer plenty of sunlight include cucumbers, peppers, and squash. Sometimes, it’s just a matter of recognizing the angle of sunlight during the summer vs. the winter.
Sad Tomato
Finding Areas with Excellent Drainage
Some edible plants really need good drainage to thrive. Normally, they’re well suited to growing in our sandy soil. However, if you’ve ever had to watch a once-beautiful and well-established rosemary bush suffer, drown, and die after a Florida rainy season, you’ll understand why finding the dry parts of your garden can be critical.
Arid-Loving Plants for Florida Vegetable Gardens
Many edible plants commonly grown in Florida enjoy the good drainage of our sandy soil. Some will even thrive during the hottest part of the year.
Those that prefer dry conditions include:
Most Mediterranean culinary herbs
Rosemary
Sage
Thyme
Oregano
Marjoram
Chard
Eggplant
Grain amaranth
Irish potatoes
Okra
Southern peas
Sweet potatoes
Drought-Tolerant Chard
In most cases, finding the warmest spots in the garden will help create drier conditions, but also look for:
Longest hours of sun exposure (and hence, evaporation)
Light-colored, sandy soil (which is easy to find in Florida)
Elevated areas upslope that provide the best drainage during summer rainstorms
Open areas with a lower concentration of plants
Understanding Florida Garden Microclimates is a Critical Skill
With wilder weather patterns and increasing shifts and instability of seasonal conditions, Florida gardeners who are determined to grow their own food simply need to understand how microclimates work.
For example, the record-breaking freezes of Christmas 2022 truly revealed how well using the right planting location can work. I know I learned a few lessons. The heat-loving peppers I had out in the garden stood up just fine to the freezes under a light cover. That’s because they were planted near a banana circle, which provided both a warmer microclimate and protection from the wind.
In contrast, more cold-tolerant plants that were not under a tree canopy simply gave up the ghost.
When growing vegetables over winter in Florida, the wind is just as much a threat as frost during a cold snap.
Mapping Microclimates
There are ways to make your existing Florida garden microclimates more functional as well as ways to create new microclimates you may not already have. That’s a subject for a future post. To get started, note down the ones that currently exist that you can work with.
It’s a good idea to map out the existing microclimates in your garden. If you’re interested in supporting this blog and need a well-organized place to keep those maps and notes, then pick up our Florida garden planner. It has grid sheets where you can map out any of your garden beds individually or as an overall master plan.
The old adage “Right Plant, Right Place,” is a universal gardening Truth. Identifying the microclimates in your Florida garden is the first step to mastering this skill.
There’s a lot of controversy floating around about the quality of chicken feed right now. Is it tainted? Maybe it’s just poor quality. If your girls have been failing in the nest box, you may be looking for a way to improve their diet. Spring is on its way, and egg production is ramping up. Start looking for some common Florida weeds for chickens to help keep them in top condition.
When it comes down to the health of your homestead and its ability to be self-sufficient, finding ways to feed your chickens from your own land is always a good strategy.
Your ecosystem may be different, but I’ve discovered three common Florida weeds that my chickens simply adore. Best of all, they provide extra nutrition and a good solution for unwanted invaders in the garden bed.
1. Pellitory, Parietaria pensylvanica
More specifically – “Pennsylvania Pellitory” – also called Chicken’s Delight.
Pellitory grows like mad in my Zone 10a suburban garden. It’s native to North America and is usually found in lightly shaded spots, normally in the corners of garden beds and along fences. It’s an annual weed that grows vigorously in the fall and winter.
Pellitory contains a wide range of important nutrients for laying hens. A 100-gram serving of pellitory contains:
Energy: 23 kcal
Protein: 2.1 g
Total Fat: 0.3 g
Total Carbohydrate: 4.7 g
Fiber: 3.2 g
Sugar: 0.7 g
Important vitamins and minerals in Pennsylvania pellitory include:
Vitamin C: 49 mg (55% of the daily recommended value)
Vitamin A: 497 IU (10% of the daily recommended value)
Folate: 95 mcg (24% of the daily recommended value)
Calcium: 140 mg (14% of the daily recommended value)
Iron: 2.6 mg (14% of the daily recommended value)
Magnesium: 47 mg (12% of the daily recommended value)
Pennsylvania pellitory also contains small amounts of other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin K, vitamin B6, potassium, and phosphorus.
Of all the common Florida weeds for chickens, this one is my favorite. It pulls up like a dream! If you can’t free-range your birds because of local codes, or predators, or to protect your garden, you’ll find harvesting pellitory a sheer joy. It’s very satisfying to pull it up in big clumps. It just slips out of the soil with no resistance.
2. Spanish Needle, Bidens alba
There are two types of Floridians: Those who know and love Bidens alba as a beautiful native flower that nurtures and sustains wildlife year round. Then there is the other type of Floridian – the kind that hates Bidens alba with the heat of 100 burning suns. I have been both types of Floridian. Sometimes, I have been both types on the same day.
But bees love Bidens, and bunnies love Bidens, and so do chickens.
And Bidens may just love chickens right back. Some recent studies found that a closely related species, Bidens pilosa, acts as a prebiotic for them and may even help prevent or lessen the damage of coccidiosis.
Don’t kill your Bidens. If it all comes down to it, it’s nutritious for people, too. In fact, it may be the hot-weather green we’ve all been needing. I’ve read that it’s grown intentionally as a crop for humans in Africa and sauteed with a peanut sauce. I may try that, someday.
Until then, it makes a great supplement for chickens. It has an impressive nutritional profile:
Energy: 23 kcal
Protein: 2.2 g
Total Fat: 0.5 g
Total Carbohydrate: 4.7 g
Fiber: 2.6 g
Sugar: 0.6 g
It also offers plenty of vitamins and minerals:
Vitamin C: 47 mg (52% of the daily recommended value)
Vitamin A: 508 IU (10% of the daily recommended value)
Folate: 54 mcg (14% of the daily recommended value)
Calcium: 69 mg (7% of the daily recommended value)
Iron: 1.6 mg (9% of the daily recommended value)
Magnesium: 47 mg (12% of the daily recommended value)
In lesser amounts, it also offers vitamin K, vitamin B6, potassium, and phosphorus.
Purslane and Portulaca
If you’re like most Florida gardeners, you probably snicker when you pass the racks of seeds or bedding plants at big box stores and see them selling portulaca. I mean, the stuff grows as a weed here, and many lawncare neatniks spend hours trying to get rid of it.
Our state ag has a whole page for farmers on how to get rid of the stuff!
Most of the purslane or portulaca you’ll see in nurseries is a variety from India, Portulaca oleracea. The kind that pops up in most Florida lawns is pink portulaca, or Portulaca Pilosa, which is native to Florida. Both are lovely, and both are edible for chickens and humans.
3. Kiss Me Quick, Portulaca Pilosa
The chickens will have to fight me for the native variety. Not to eat! I just think they’re the cutest things. I wouldn’t mind if my whole yard was made up of them.
A 100-gram serving of Kiss-Me-Quick for chickens provides:
Energy: 17 kcal
Protein: 2.1 g
Total Fat: 0.2 g
Total Carbohydrate: 2.0 g
Fiber: 2.1 g
Sugar: 0.6 g
Essential vitamins and minerals include:
Vitamin C: 36 mg (40% of the daily recommended value)
Vitamin A: 755 IU (15% of the daily recommended value)
Folate: 81 mcg (20% of the daily recommended value)
Calcium: 132 mg (14% of the daily recommended value)
Iron: 1.9 mg (11% of the daily recommended value)
Magnesium: 39 mg (10% of the daily recommended value)
That’s a nice dose of calcium, which is required for healthy egg production. So, perhaps the chickens will win this one.
Portulaca pilosa also contains vitamin K, potassium, and phosphorus.
4. Common Purslane, Portulaca oleracea
The non-native portulaca usually comes in two varieties: purslane, which is the one with the flat leaves, and portulaca, the one with the cylindrical leaves. They’re both decorative plants or weeds, depending on your viewpoint.
Purslane seems to find its way into many Florida gardens, hopping pots from garden centers or catching a ride on wildlife. Many find it a delicious and nutritious addition to salads. The tangy flavor makes it one of those forage standbys.
For chickens, it provides:
Energy: 15 kcal
Protein: 1.6 g
Total Fat: 0.3 g
Total Carbohydrate: 2.0 g
Fiber: 1.5 g
Sugar: 0.4 g
It also has important vitamins and minerals:
Vitamin C: 16 mg (18% of the daily recommended value)
Vitamin A: 394 IU (8% of the daily recommended value)
Folate: 82 mcg (21% of the daily recommended value)
Calcium: 87 mg (9% of the daily recommended value)
Iron: 2.0 mg (11% of the daily recommended value)
Magnesium: 49 mg (12% of the daily recommended value)
Vitamin K, vitamin B6, potassium, and phosphorus also make up purslane’s nutritional label.
The Chicken Feed Debate In an Egg Shell
The cost of eggs in the grocery stores has skyrocketed. First, the Avian Flu purge, and now our own chickens are coming up short.
Some internet influencers in the homesteading arena are claiming that big feed producers are distributing poor-quality feed. There are even a few outliers that say that this is all part of some big conspiracy to deny Americans of wholesome food, making them more reliant on Big Ag and government handouts.
I’m a bit more inclined to blame corporate greed. The U.S. imports far too many agricultural products from China, including pet foods. And unscrupulous manufacturers there are known to melamine, a plastic, to pet foods and treats, to falsely boost their protein content numbers. They’ve even done it to baby food!
We may never unravel all of the true causes of the Great Egg Shortage. There may be a host of reasons that our chickens seem to be laying fewer eggs this year.
It could be poor-quality food with cheaper ingredients to make more money. It could also be no more malicious than stale, old food that sat in warehouses due to the supply chain issues.
It could be the wonky weather we’re having lately, with record-breaking heatwaves and record-breaking cold spells. Sometimes both in the same month, if you live in Florida.
It could just be that the post-pandemic world has made us more aware of the physical signs of dis-ease and more suspicious of changes in ourselves and our animals.
Add These Common Florida Weeds for Chickens for Free
In the long view, the cause doesn’t really matter. What really matters is taking care of what’s ours to nurture. Adding these four common Florida weeds for chickens to their daily diet can help.
Food loses nutritional value when it sits on the shelves. If it loses value sitting in your shed for three months, think of how much it loses when it has to cross the planet on a ship. Or even cross the country on a truck. Buy locally-produced feed whenever possible. Not only does it retain more nutritional value, it also helps support businesses in your community.
You can grow food for your chickens, like marigolds and brassicas. But why not make better use of those pesky weeds in your yard? Just remember that you’ll need to stop using herbicides and pesticides.
While they may not provide everything your chickens need, they’re a welcome dose of calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Times are tough, and if you’re buying commercial feed on the cheap, it may even provide critical micronutrients that don’t find their way into the budget-grade chicken formula.
Southern gardens are plagued by insect pests and harsh growing conditions. And even in other parts of the country, gardeners are looking for more natural and sustainable ways to deter pests and disease without the use of synthetic and dangerous chemicals. Enter companion planting, and enter one of the more famous flowers used for this technique: French Marigold benefits the garden in numerous ways.
Companion Planting
If you’ve been gardening in the 21st century for more than a couple of weeks, you’ve heard of companion planting. In short, this is the practice of planting mutually beneficial plants together in one space to support each other. It can also be the planting of herbs and flowers near vegetable plants that will support those vegetables in some way.
Complicated Combinations
One of my chief complaints about the practice of companion planting is that it can involve complicated combinations of herbs, flowers, and edibles. While I would love to go into a deep dive on the science of each, that will have to wait for next summer during the down season.
The subject of what to plant together and what not to plant can become mind-boggling. Add in a rotation schedule and you’ve got all the makings of a migraine.
I’m lazy and I like my gardening simplified. I plant diversely and densely and let nature sort it out. I like to think that if I have the basic makings of biodiversity and support my soil microbiology, it will all come out the way nature intends in the long run — even if I don’t’ get what I want in the short run.
This drives my family crazy because the ones that like to cook (or feed the rabbits from the garden) end up wandering around the whole yard trying for find what they’re looking for. No, I don’t have endless patience for labels. And no, I don’t plant all the same plants in one area so they’re easy to find and harvest.
That’s intentional. I figure that if my stepson can’t find the Pak Choy, then the slugs will also have some trouble finding it. The same goes with beans and aphids and cabbage and cabbage loopers.
We’re supposed to be the species with the big brains and the ability to generalize, after all.
French marigold, Tagetes patula
Steady Go-To Companions
However, one thing I definitely do is to plant flowers (and sometimes herbs — I have trouble with herbs) within ALL of my vegetable garden beds. Flowers attract pollinators and predator insects that hunt down those cabbage loopers and aphids.
If I was to offer any recommendations to new gardeners in any zone, the first would be to plant seasonal annual flowers within EVERY single fruit and vegetable planting.
French Marigold Benefits
French marigold (Tagetes patula) has a reputation as the wunderkind of companion plants. Most of that reputation is well deserved and well documented.
Along with being available in a number of varieties for various applications, they’re also very attractive, with bushy foliage and bright, cheerful blooms. Best of all, they’re incredibly easy to grow and maintain.
I’ve grown French marigolds in both Central Ohio and Central Florida, and both times I’ve been impressed by their dogged resilience.
Pest Repellants
In short, French Marigold benefits include deterring root-knot nematodes, the bane of the Florida gardener’s existence. They’re also said to deter slugs and hornworms.
I can tell you from experience that they do NOT deter snails. Snails LOVE French marigolds. In fact, they make serve as an excellent trap crop for snails. I regularly find snails clinging to my French marigolds. I break the stem and carry it, snail and all, to my chicken yard.
Chickens LOVE snails. And they also like marigolds.
Tagetes patula from my garden
Methods to the Madness
It seems that French marigolds repel pests using different mechanisms, depending on the pest. Volatile chemicals in the foliage and flowers that give them their distinctive odor can sometimes confuse insects that seek their target plants through smell. Other insects may simply find the odor repulsive and unpleasant.
Another mechanism is through root exudates. Plants emit various elements through their roots in order to attract beneficial bacteria to trade nutrients. These elements include sugars, which the bacteria adore, and offer micronutrients and macronutrients in exchange with the plants.
And by no means the last method, some French marigold benefits include using the flower as a trap crop, as I mentioned above regarding snails. In fact, in the case of root-knot nematodes, there is some debate as to whether marigolds repel them through root exudates or simply attract them to themselves, thereby “trapping” them in their own roots.
White Fly Results
A 2019 study examined the theory that French marigolds will reduce whitefly populations in tomatoes. I’ve never found them on tomatoes, but my peppers always seem to attract a crowd.
A few experiments found that planting French marigolds alongside tomatoes reduced the whitefly population in the greenhouse. In this case, it was the volatile compound, limonene, these flowers produce that repelled the pests.
Root Knot Nematodes
Root-knot nematodes can completely destroy a once-thriving garden. And it seems that Southern gardens are particularly rife with this soil pest. I remember moving to Florida as an experienced temperate zone gardener in 1993 and being warned that they were public enemy number one.
The UF/IFAS website recommends French marigolds as a cover crop before planting. It posits that the action of alpha-terthienyl, a root exudate, inhibits the hatching of many nematode eggs. It also suggests planting them at least two months prior to your crop, and disking or hoeing them in is the most effective method. The site says interplanting isn’t particularly effective.
In my case, I grow year-round and successively. I don’t do cover crops on beds in production, so using marigolds this way wouldn’t work for me. Especially since I do no-till.
So, I simply interplant several marigold “crops” throughout the year and then crop and drop them on top of the soil at the beginning of each season. At the same time, I plant more marigolds throughout the beds.
I harvest seeds and plant them again later. I even sell them in my Etsy shop for very little profit so other gardeners can be sure they have the right type of marigolds.
As I vaguely recall, the action of nematode suppression in marigolds extends to about a meter, or three feet in diameter, so I make sure that I have at least one planted every yard or so, staggered throughout the beds.
French marigold in my garden
Medicinal Uses
Because of its rich components of chemical constituents, French marigolds have a number of traditional medicinal and cosmetic uses, many of which could translate well today.
A 2016 paper suggests that the blossoms, containing the flavonoids patuletin, quercetagetin, and quercetin, help protect against oxidative stress and offer anticancer properties when used in an infusion (i.e., tea).
I’m not a doctor and don’t intend to play one on the internet, so make sure you do all your due diligence before compounding your own herbal medicinals. Some are harmless, some are effective, and some can prove quite dangerous.
It’s important to remember that there are two different species of flowers we call “marigold,” with French marigold being “Tagetes” variety. There is also Calendula officinalis, also known as “Pot marigold,” which is used extensively in cosmetics.
Fortunately, while the common name is very similar, the two plants don’t resemble each other and have very different appearances.
Calendula officinalis , or “Pot Marigold”
Beauty and Function
Tagetes patula, French marigolds, offer a host of garden benefits. However, perhaps their most important quality is the beauty they add to the garden. Even if you’re immune to the superficial beauty of flowers, any dedicated gardener has to admit that the practical beauty of an increase in bee visitors is a spectacle to behold.
I’m really pretty dreadful at garden planning. I’ve tried — but I always forget to write things down, or I can’t find my notepad, or I’m covered in dirt and can’t find a pen.
Usually the latter.
This year, I made it impossible NOT to plan by creating a Florida Garden Planner and publishing it on Amazon. This, I figured, would mean no more excuses for NOT planning ahead.
I’ve been gardening in Florida for several years now, and I can tell you that a successful harvest requires a few key paradigm shifts:
Be willing to try new fruits and vegetables that are not currently familiar to you.
Learn the right season to plant each of the vegetables you enjoy.
Take advantage of the year-long growing season by planning ahead for succession planting.
My hope is that this garden planner helps you do all three of these things.
From extensive research and my own experience, I’ve provided a list of various edibles you can plant out each month.
As you can see, September is a pretty busy planting month for Florida.
Inside the Garden Planning Journal
I’ve also added some record sheets so you can track each of the varieties you grow to see which ones do best in your garden. I love cherry tomatoes, but this year I’m trialing Sweeties vs. Gardener’s Delights to see which ones I prefer.
I’ll log their germination time, requirements, days to maturity, and the weight of the harvest.
The biggest stumbling block for me right now is that I was trained by very strict teachers. They told me NOT TO WRITE IN BOOKS. So, I’m STILL struggling with putting things down.
Should you decide to purchase one of these garden planning logs, you can find a link on the right hand of this post.
Feedback Please
If you have any suggestions or requests for other elements you’d like to see or use, please let me know. I’m always happy to get suggestions.
This garden planning journal includes grid sheets for bed layout, calendars for coordinating with other scheduled projects, and a week-by-week calendar for sowing, planting, and other garden projects you’d like to accomplish.
It starts in August 2021, because every Florida gardener knows that the planting year starts in August/September. It runs to December 2022, so there’s plenty of room for all your veggie garden planning for several seasons.
As for me, I’m ready to pre-order my strawberry crowns for planting in October.
What are you going to be planting in your fall garden?
You’ve seen them on YouTube, right? All those market gardeners when their beaucoup cool soil blockers? You may have even done some online shopping to see if soil blocking is right for you.
But boy, are those soil blockers expensive! Those farmer dudes must be raking it in!
(Of course, they’re not!)
But in all seriousness, a heavy-duty, reliable tool for production is going to cost you. I’ve been eying the complete Ladbrooke soil blocking system for a few years now.
Look for the Ladbrooke logo on the handles of the Mini 4 and Micro 20. The Master Grower is our full set that includes all the pieces for the well known “nesting” system of soil blocking. The Micro 20 has a new stronger, smoother design.
Truth is, I couldn’t really justify the cost.
Yes, it’s the premium brand for soil blockers, and they’re used across the world by professionals.
But I couldn’t bring myself to pay for them.
So, I did the next best thing (sort of) and got a cheap plastic one from Fiskars.
After all, Fiskers is a good brand, right? They’re my go-to for scissors and secateurs. Surely, they can produce an awesome soil blocker, right?
First, I mixed up some soil blocking mix. Soil blocks rely on a high fiber content to keep them together, so they require a large amount of coconut coir (or peat moss, if you use it).
Some of the classic recipes for soil block mix include four parts coir to two parts perlite to one part compost. Plus, a whole host of amendments.
This is kind of long, but you can watch my personal hero, Jim Kovaleski, mix up some beauties:
My own attempts gave me some trouble. Was it wet enough? Would it stick? Would they crumble?
My awkward attempts started with me shoving the soil mix INTO the blocker. Nothing like that smooth, super-efficient ka-chunk that I see on the You-Tubes.
And this is what I got.
The Downside of Soil Blocking
Yeah, they worked. They held together. Sort of.
But do you see that I get only 40 modules in a tray with the Fiskars, instead of the 72 I would have gotten with modules?
I’ll try this thing a few more times, probably for pumpkins this fall.
But I have to admit, I’m not in love with the inefficient waste of space with this “spherical” design. I could have just used Jesse Frost’s hand-made soil balls and saved myself the money.
The soil doesn’t eject from the device very smoothly, particularly with the mini-block insert.
And honestly, the finished soil blocks will not stand up if your dog stomps through them in the middle of the night.
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